The Internet is an iconoclastic system which has introduced exciting new concepts in commerce and communications, whilst upsetting a number of traditional principles, including principles associated with intellectual property law. Intellectual property is a term coined to describe to the collective set of exclusive rights which creators can obtain for their works. The rights are provided by pat...

We analyze collective discourse, a collective human behavior in content generation, and show that it exhibits diversity, a property of general collective systems. Using extensive analysis, we propose a novel paradigm for designing summary generation systems that reflect the diversity of perspectives seen in reallife collective summarization. We analyze 50 sets of summaries written by human abou...

This article explores the inter-relationship of collective action within the business community, the nature of the political regime and the security of firms’ property rights. Drawing on a pair of surveys recently administered in Russia, we present evidence that post-communist business associations have begun to coordinate business influence over state actors in a manner that is sensitive to re...

This paper presents a representation for natural language plurals in knowledge base queries, implementing collective, distributive, cumulative, and multiply distributive senses of the plural by means of higher predicates. The underlying semantics is based on Franconi’s theory of collections. The collective reading of a plural applies the predicate to the whole collection; the distributive readi...

One of the better studied properties for operators in judgment aggregation is independence, which essentially dictates that the collective judgment on one issue should not depend on the individual judgments given on some other issue(s) in the same agenda. Independence, although considered a desirable property, is too strong, because together with mild additional conditions it implies dictatorsh...

AbstractRichard Epstein’s property scholarship tracks his classical liberal theory of government. The would permit state intervention to overcome collective-action problems but no...

Collective motions are common in crowd systems and have attracted a great deal of attention in a variety of multidisciplinary fields [2]. Collectiveness, which indicates the degree of individuals acting as a union in collective motion, is a fundamental and universal measurement for various crowd systems. Quantitatively measuring this universal property and comparing it across different crowd sy...

study of collective actions is related to some of the most important issues in contemporary sociology such as cooperation, collective decision making, emergence of social norms etc. this paper in four steps presents a framework for studying collective actions. these steps are related to characteristics of collective actions (cooperation and common good), factors effecting the emergence of colle...