I n both the policy and academic literatures, the issue of extending patient choice in the UK National Health Service (NHS) is currently a much discussed issue. From December 2005—for example, general practitioners (GPs) will be required to offer patients needing elective surgery the choice of five providers at the point of referral. Choice is often thought of as an intrinsically good thing; th...

This study is an attempt to investigate the difference in intercultural competence between collectivist and individualistic Iranian EFL teachers. To this end, researcher administered ICC questionnaire collectivists collect data from After two months of collection, 106 teachers responded items both questionnaires. The were analyzed through running independent samples t tests find collectivists/ ...

Career happiness is reexamined for relevance to non-Western cultures. Joseph Campbell’s (1968, 1972, 1988) interpretations of myth are reviewed for individualistic vs. interdependent themes and critiqued in light of Asian American vocational concerns, with examples from Chinese culture. Counselors are encouraged to reflect cultural sensitivity and understanding through collectivist interpretati...

Management scholars have examined the ethical decision-making process of individuals in organizations but, with a few notable exceptions, have largely failed to undertake a careful analysis of the role of culture. In this note I explore the impact of individualism and collectivism on three basic aspects of ethical decision making—the perception of moral problems, moral reasoning, and behavior. ...

would like to thank Mark Watson for correcting a mistake in his summary of Cantor’s argument. 1A note on citations: Mises’s article appeared in German in 1920. An English translation, “Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth,” appeared in Hayek’s (1990) collection Collectivist Economic Planning in 1935. 2The current paper assumes a basic familiarity with the socialist calculation deb...

background: the trajectory of marital quality over the life course assumes a curvilinear pattern and declines over time. however, most studies to date have been conducted in developed societies, leaving the generalizability of their findings open to skepticism. in this study, we aimed to delineate the trajectory of marital satisfaction in iran. methods: using cluster-sampling method, representa...