Cryptographic unkeyed hash functions should satisfy preimage resistance, second-preimage resistance and collision resistance. In this article, weak second-preimage resistance and weak collision resistance are defined following the definition of weak one-wayness. Preimage resistance is one-wayness of cryptographic hash functions. The properties of weak collision resistance is discussed in this a...

the purchase of insurance may cause the insureds to increase the costs of insurance companies, compared to their estimation of costs. if after the demand of insurance services, the loss ratio of insurance companies increases because of consumer behavior, moral hazard will be evident. in this paper, after introducing the literature, the presence of moral hazard in iran insurance company is teste...

Road traffic crash is a cause of unnatural death and occupies fifth position in the world as per WHO records. Road crashes in India are alarming in situation while road safety is professionally lacking and politically missing. Hyderabad city, the capital of newly formed Telangana State occupies sixth position in occurrence of road crashes. An attempt is made to understan...

This report investigates the impact of droplet temperature on the head-on collision of binary droplets on a superhydrophobic surface. Understanding droplet collision is critical to many fundamental processes and industrial applications. There are many factors, including collision speed, collision angle, and droplet composition, that influence the outcome of the collision between binary droplets...

This paper proposes several approaches to improve the collision attack on MD4 proposed by Wang et al. First, we propose a new local collision that is the best for the MD4 collision attack. Selection of a good message difference is the most important step in achieving effective collision attacks. This is the first paper to introduce an improvement to the message difference approach of Wang et al...

In [3] three metrics for hopping pattern performance evaluation is proposed: column period, maximal collision ratio, maximal continual collision number, a lower bound of maximal continual collision number is given also. In this paper we give a lower bound of maximal collision ratio, a class of hopping pattern whose both maximal collision ratio and maximal continual collision number fit the lowe...

Head-on collision and overtaking collision between a KdV solitary wave and an envelope solitary wave are first studied in present paper by using Particle-in-cell (PIC) method in a dusty plasma. There are phase shifts of the KdV solitary wave in both head-on collision and the overtaking collision, while no phase shift is found for the envelop solitary wave in any cases. The remarkable difference...

one of the most valid and efficient models of long rod projectile penetration in homogeneous targets is tate and alekseevskii’s (a&t;) model. based on tate’s model, the present research tries to calculate the optimum speeds to achieve the maximum penetration depth in the homogeneous targets. the proposed collision speed-penetration depth diagrams are developed using tate’s model. in this way, v...

sahand volcanic-sub-volcanic dome, along with several other magmatic domes in northwest iran and the southern part of tabriz fault show adakitic geochemical characteristics. sahand dome has mainly dacitic composition. the sio2 content and mg number of sahand dome range from 64 to 73 wt% and 27 to 57 respectively. sahand dome can be classified as high silica adakitic (hsa) type. the rocks studie...