Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries and among travelers to ETEC endemic areas. ETEC diarrhea is caused by colonization of the small intestine mediated by colonization factor (CF) antigens, and subsequent elaboration of enterotoxins. Breast feeding has been related to protection against enteric infections. The protectiv...

Eighty-six percent (72 of 84) of heat-labile and heat-stable, none of 141 heat-labile, and 24% (27 of 111) heat-stable enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from Thailand aggregated in less than 1 M (NH4)2SO4, hemagglutinated human group A and bovine erythrocytes in 1% D-mannose, and possessed either colonization factor I or colonization factor II. No other colonization factors were identif...

Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a plant growth-promoting diazotrophic betaproteobacterium which associates with important crops, such as maize, wheat, rice and sugar-cane. We have previously reported that intact lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is required for H. seropedicae attachment and endophytic colonization of maize roots. In this study, we present evidence that the LPS biosynthesis gene waaL (code...

Conflicting results have been reported regarding the ability of C57BL/6 mice to clear infections due to Cryptococcus neoformans. Examination of the various experimental protocols used suggested that C57BL/6 mice might develop the ability to resist infection as they mature. We analyzed the ability of C57BL/6 mice of different ages to respond to immunization with cryptococcal antigen or to clear ...

conclusions based on our study, in vivo prepared e/sa may be considered as a good candidate for animal immunization. results our results showed that the serum levels of anti-e/sa immunoglobulins significantly increased in all of the immunized groups. the differences of the serum levels of tgf-β between the groups were statistically significant at days 28 and 56 after immunization with e/sa. bac...

conclusions although the frequency of hbsag seropositivity in the present study was close to that observed in the overall iranian population, the seroprevalence of anti-hbc was higher, possibly due to the exposure of the elderly to more risk factors. the risk factors were similar. these included a history of blood transfusions, cupping, hospital admission, endoscopy, or familial hbv/hcv infecti...

Colonization factor antigens (CFAs) mediate attachment of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) to the intestinal mucosa and induce protective immunity against ETEC diarrhea. ETEC strains (n = 111) isolated from North Indian children from 1985 to 1989 were examined for CFAs and putative colonization factors (PCFs). CFA/IV was the most common factor (26%), followed by coli surface antigen 17 (...

We present an experimental evaluation of Heintze and McAllester's linear-time subtransitive CFA algorithm , in the context of SML/NJ v110.7. As described in 9], linear-time termination of the algorithm depends on the existence of a simple typing of the program such that the type tree at each node has a bounded size. We show that this condition is violated by many programs, especially heavily fu...