in this paper first we try to analysis the behavior ofthe soas in the optical networks and then have proposed anumerical simple model to simulate the behavior of thesemiconductor optical amplifiers. after that by employing thismodel as inline amplifier for a dwdm optical system, we havesimulated the transmission of 10 channels with bit rate 10 gb/sup to distance 3970 km with rz-dpsk modulation ...

Abstract: The current research is aimed to investigate the alterations of its opticalfeatures of novel adjustable three color narrowband optical filters, which comprise ofblue, green and red light. A narrowband adjustable transmission optical filters accordingto dielectric- ferroelectric heterostructures photonic structures are designed using thetransfer-matrix method (T...

Plasmonic color filters (PCFs) can acquire primary colors from non-polarized incident light through a two-dimensional arrangement of subwavelength holes. However, owing to the geometry of the 2D array, unintended secondary transmitted peaks derived from the higher-order modes of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) lead to color cross-talk with the primary peaks. Herein, we propose a complementa...

Background: Diagnostic ultrasound has been used to detect human disease especially fetus abnormalities in recent decades. Although the harmful effects of diagnostic ultrasound on human have not been established so far, several researchers showed it has had bioeffects in cell lines and in experimental animals. Three-dimensional (3D), four-dimensional (4D), and color Doppler sonography are new te...

We study experimentally the nonlinear dynamics of two-color optical vortex beams in the presence of second-harmonic generation combined with the effects of photo- and thermal refraction, as well as self- and induced-phase modulation. We use an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal as a nonlinear medium for the vortex propagation and observe experimentally, depending on the laser wavelength, a deca...

The structure and stability of different types of multicolor optical spatial solitary waves created by interaction of light at a central frequency with two sideband waves both through cross-phase modulation and parametric four-wave mixing is presented. It is shown that a novel type of three-color spatial soliton appears above a power threshold when parametric coupling generates an instability o...

Objective: Gut–brain axis (GBA) is very important in creation and modulation of gastrointestinal problems. Aloe vera gel has gastroprotective properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera leaves on the gastric acid secretion and brain and intestinal water content following acetic acid gastric ulcer induction. Materials and Methods: Gastric ulce...

We present a versatile fabrication approach for scalable complex 3D photonic quasicrystals (PQCs) by a programmable spatial light modulator-assisted single step optical induction of refractive index modulation. We demonstrate for the first time the fabrication of higher order rotational symmetry reconfigurable nonlinear 3D axial PQCs and variants of complex 3D PQCs in externally biased SBN:Ce p...

achaemenid glazed bricks of archaeological excavation of tall-e-ajori in persepolis city were studied by multiple instrumental analysis methods  such as xrf, xrd, sem-eds, icp and optical microscopy to identify the compositional features of glaze and brick body. glaze samples are apparently white and yellow  and this phenomenon are caused by the deterioration processes in burial environment, he...