An experimental and theoretical methodology based on spectroradiometric measures is proposed to test if the reciprocity law is verified in digital photography. Taking into account that the spectral exposure H(λ) is proportional to the spectral radiance Le(λ) of the object and the photosite integration time t of the electronic shutter time and inversely proportional to the f-number N of the zoom...

With the advent of the inexpensive CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) on a chip, the wide-spread move from traditional 35mm film photography to digital photography is becoming increasingly apparent especially with journalists and professional photographers. This has prompted digital camera manufacturers to try to implement most of the legacy techniques common among traditional film cameras such as hig...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic properties of a 2-laser wavelength nonmydriatic 200° ultra-wide-field scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) versus mydriatic 2-field 45° color fundus photography (EURODIAB standard) for assessing diabetic retinopathy (DR). A total of 143 consecutive eyes of patients with different levels of DR were graded regarding DR level and macular e...

Untreated caries is significant problem that affected billion people over the world. Therefore, appropriate method and accuracy of detection in clinical decision-making dental practices as well oral epidemiology or research, are required urgently. The aim this study was to introduce a computational algorithm can automate recognize carious lesions on tooth occlusal surfaces smartphone images acc...

Infrared imaging dramatically increased the number of crystalline deposits visualized compared with clinical examination, standard color fundus photography, and red free imaging in patients with Bietti's crystalline dystrophy. We believe that this imaging modality significantly improves the sensitivity with which these lesions are detected, facilitating earlier diagnosis and may potentially ser...

The electromagnetic spectrum is comprised of a series of waves arranged in order of wavelength. The various types of radiation forming this spectrum differ widely, and only a very minute part of this spectrum has any relevance to photography. Usually photography is confined to the visible part of the spectrum, those waves that the eyes see as "light'. This part of the spectrum is comprised of w...

Two members of the glass-frog family Centrolenidae (Centrolenella fleischmanni, C. prosoblepon) and the hylid subfamily Phyllomedusinae (Agalychnis moreletii, Pachymedusa dacnicolor) reflect near-infrared light (700 to 900 nanometers) when examined by infrared color photography. Infrared reflectance may confer adaptive advantage to these arboreal frogs both in thermoregulation and infrared cryp...

In the field of silver-halide photography, color separation was explored about a century ago, using filter mosaics, dichroic mirrors, three-shot filtration, and other techniques, before the dominant technology of multi-layered color film emerged. In the field of digital photography, the same techniques are being explored now in conjuction with silicon sensor technology. The three-shot technique...