the infant feeding practices and the effects of factors such as mother’s educational level, primary health care, and family income on these practices in 531 households with 930 children 6-60 months of age were studied in rural areas of sirjan (kerman province), iran. the findings indicate that the majority of mothers (85%) breastfeed their infants and 86% of babies are fed the colostrums. the a...

The aim of the experiment was to study the effect on litter performance of two oral supplementation strategies on piglets born weighing 1.35 kg or less (SP; CON: no oral supplementation; COL: supplementation with 15 mL of sow colostrum orally administered to piglets within 4 h after the farrowing was completed). Two levels of cross-fostering strategies, performed 24 h after farrowing, were also...

Several studies demonstrated acute inflammatory response following traumatic injury. Inflammatory response during surgical interventions was verified by a significant increase of endotoxin plasma levels and a decrease of the endotoxin neutralizing capacity (ENC). However, the incidence of elevated endotoxin levels was significantly higher (89%) than detected bacterial translocation (35%). Thus ...

BACKGROUND In any calf rearing system it is desirable to obtain healthy animals, and reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic losses. Bovine syndesmochorial placentation prevents the direct transfer of bovine immunoglobulins to the fetus, and calves are born hypogammaglobulinemic. These calves therefore require colostrum immediately after birth. Colostrum is rich in immunoglobulins (Ig) and it...

BACKGROUND In genera self declared female headed-households in most developing countries tend to be poorer, own less and have less access to job opportunities. OBJECTIVE To assess the nutritional status of pre-schoolers by gender differentiation of heads of households. DESIGN A cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in February 2003. SETTING Four beneficiary villages registered und...

Breastfeeding is important public health issues having numerous benefits for both infants and mothers but rates of exclusive breastfeeding remain low throughout the world. Several studies have investigated factors that influence behaviors including maternal education, social support, cultural beliefs. However, there still much to be learned about knowledge, attitudes, practices lactating how th...

Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) belongs to the lentivirus subfamily of retroviruses [1] which causes chronic progressive arthritis, pneumonia, and mastitis in adult goats and leukoencephalomyelitis in young kids [2,3]. Disease is widespread in populations of domestic sheep and goats throughout the world [4] and its high prevalence especially in industrialized countries (80-95% in th...