BACKGROUND Compressive mechanical stress produced during growth in a confining matrix limits the size of tumor spheroids, but little is known about the dynamics of stress accumulation, how the stress affects cancer cell phenotype, or the molecular pathways involved. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We co-embedded single cancer cells with fluorescent micro-beads in agarose gels and, using confoc...

To increase the density of Bi nanowires grown by our unique on-film formation of nanowires (OFF-ON) method, we introduced a technique for enhancing compressive stress, which is the driving force for the nanowire growth. The compressive stress could be controlled by modifying the substrate structure. A combination of photolithography and a reactive ion etching technique was used to fabricate pat...

Loading conditions and complex geometry have led the cylinder heads to become the most challenging parts of diesel engines. One of the most important durability problems in diesel engines is due to the cracks valves bridge area. The purpose of this study is a thermo-mechanical analysis of cylinder heads of diesel engines using a two-layer viscoelasticity model. The results of the thermo-mechani...

In order to investigate the effect of applied stress on mechanical properties in metallic glasses, nanoindentation tests were conducted on elastically bent Zr-Cu-Ag-Al metallic glasses with two different structure states. From spherical P-h curves, elastic modulus was found to be independent on applied stress. Hardness decreased by ~8% and ~14% with the application of 1.5% tensile strain for as...

The aim of this study was to evaluate stress patterns at the bone-implant interface of tilted versus nontilted implant configurations in edentulous maxillae using finite element models of two tilted and one nontilted configuration. Analysis predicted the maximum absolute value of principal compressive stress near the cervical area of the distal implant for all models. The tilted configurations ...

The compressive creep and the recovery of commercially available composites, 2 kinds for posterior and 2 kinds for anterior use, in water were examined. In posterior composites, creep strain after 500h at a stress level of 8.3 kgf/mm2 was significantly small (within 1%). The results of the compressive creep test showed that posterior composites would be resistant to occlusal stress. Creep strai...

An in vitro study evaluated the effects of barrier materials on mechanical properties of a visible light-cured composite restorative. The composite was cured and aged over a widely used cavity liner (Dycal), various cements (Fleck's, Durelon, Vitrabond, ZOE B & T) and free eugenol and tested at seven and 28 days. The properties of interest were tensile stress (strength) at rupture, compressive ...

This study investigated cell survival and gene expression under various compressive stress conditions mimicking orthodontic force by using a newly developed in vitro model of human periodontal ligament-like tissue (HPdLLT). The HPdLLT was developed by three-dimensional culturing of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in a porous poly-L-lactide matrix with threefold increased culture media pe...

We dedicate this work to Wolfgang Pompe, a very good friend and a good friend of the Materials Faculty at UCSB where he and his wife, Gisela, shared their lives and fellowship. Three different zirconia–alumina laminates, AZ50, AZ80, and AZ95, were fabricated via tape-casting thick Zr(3Y)O2 layers, dip-coating the zirconia tapes in a slurry containing a mixture of zirconia and alumina, stacking ...