External beam radiotherapy is commonly used for patients with cancer. While tumor shrinkage and palliation are frequently achieved, local control and cure remain elusive for many cancers. With regard to local control, the fundamental problem is that radiotherapy-induced normal tissue injury limits the dose that can be delivered to the tumor. While intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) al...

Confronted with well-informed consumers, the firms have to take everything into consideration. Through the classic game theory, pricing mechanism is discussed with different characteristics of consumer behavior. The consumer population is heterogeneous along two dimensions: they may have an inclination towards the obedience of the public and different degrees of patience. After introducing the ...

Along with the breakthrough of networking, communications, and information technology, ECommerce gains rapid development in recent years. Trust is the premise and foundation of transaction activities in E-Commerce. While conformity is an important factor which influences customers’ trust to vendors, as well as customers’ choices in online purchasing. Conformity behaviour in E-Commerce is two-ed...

PURPOSE The first aim of this study was to assess plan quality using a conformity index (CI) and analyse its influence on patient outcome. The second aim was to identify whether clinical and technological factors including planning treatment volume (PTV) volume and treatment delivery method could be related to the CI value. METHODS AND MATERIALS By extending the original concept of the mean d...

Wear remains a significant problem limiting the lifespan of total knee replacements (TKRs). Though increased conformity between TKR components has the potential to decrease wear, the optimal amount and planes of conformity have not been investigated. Furthermore, differing conformities in the medial and lateral compartments may provide designers the opportunity to address both wear and kinemati...

window analysis is a known technique to evaluate performance during the time periods based on data envelopment analysis. in application of window analysis is assumed that efficient frontier have not changed during the periods in the study. unlike the window analysis, malmquist index tries to identify difference between efficient frontiers and separated them. but the means of different frontier ...

ID: 13564 Title: A novel conformal arc technique for postoperative whole pelvic radiotherapy of endometrial cancer Introduction: Conventional whole pelvic radiotherapy (WPRT) with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) exposes most of the contents of the true pelvis to the prescribed dose. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) provides more conformal dose distribution and bett...

PURPOSE Brachytherapy (BT), due to rapid dose fall off and minor set-up errors, should be superior to external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) for treatment of lesions in difficult locations like nose and earlobe. Evidences in this field are scarce. We describe computed tomography (CT) based surface mould BT for non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC), and compare its conformity, dose coverage, and tissue sp...

BACKGROUND To investigate the effect of multi-leaf collimators (MLCs) with leaf width of 1.25 mm on the plan quality of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for prostate cancer. METHODS A total of 20 patients with prostate cancer were retrospectively selected. Using a high definition MLC (HD MLC), primary and boost VMAT plans with two full arcs were generated for each patient (original pla...

PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of volumetric arc therapy (VMAT), dynamic intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and step-and-shoot IMRT techniques in nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients. METHODS IMRT plans of 48 NPC patients treated between May 2010 and December 2012, were evaluated. Twenty two patients were planned with VMAT, 18 with dynamic IMRT and 8 with step-and-shoot IMRT. Confor...