I n t e r v e n t i o n Women were allocated to conjugated estrogen, 0.625 mg/d, plus medroxyprogesterone acetate, 2.5 mg/d (n = 1380), or placebo (n = 1383) for 4.1 years. In the subsequent 2.7 years (during HERS II), 1156 women in the estrogen-plus-progestin group and 1165 women in the placebo group continued follow-up, and open-label hormone therapy was prescribed at the discretion of the wo...

Decreasing levels of estrogens during menopause are associated with reduced bone density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. Many women also experience bothersome vasomotor and vaginal symptoms during the menopausal transition. Results of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have shown that both systemic estrogen therapy or hormone therapy (estrogen combined w...

results serum estradiol levels tended to have a negative correlation with homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (homa-ir) in premenopausal women but not in postmenopausal women. on the other hand, free testosterone levels tended to have a positive correlation with homa-ir in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. serum shbg levels showed significant negative correlati...

238 Longitudinal changes in menopausal symptoms comparing women randomized to low-dose oral conjugated estrogens or transdermal estradiol plus micronized progesterone versus placebo: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study Nanette Santoro, MD, Amanda Allshouse, MS, Genevieve Neal-Perry, MD, PhD, Lubna Pal, MD, Rogerio A. Lobo, MD, Frederick Naftolin, MD, PhD, Dennis M. Black, PhD, Eliot A. B...

The change in hormonal milieu associated with perimenopause and menopause can lead to a variety of symptoms that can affect a woman’s quality of life. Postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) is an effective, well-tolerated treatment for these symptoms. However, combined HT consisting of conjugated equine estrogen and medroxyprogesterone acetate has been associated with an increased number of health...

BACKGROUND Little is known about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic women. We examined associations of current HRT, estrogen dosage, and time since HRT initiation with risk of acute MI in diabetic women. METHODS AND RESULTS Cox proportional hazards models, with current HRT modeled as a time-dependent covariate, were used to assess the 3-year ...

BACKGROUND Herb mixtures are widely used as an alternative to hormonal therapy in China for treatment of the menopausal syndrome. However, composition of these herb mixtures are complex and their working mechanism is often unknown. This study investigated the effect of Tiáo-Gēng-Tāng (TG-decoction), a Chinese herbal mixture extract, in balancing female hormones, regulating expression of estroge...

OBJECTIVE The Women's Health Initiative hormone trials identified a 44% increase in ischemic stroke risk with combination estrogen plus progestin and a 39% increase with estrogen alone. We undertook a case-control biomarker study to elucidate underlying mechanisms, and to potentially identify women who would be at lower or higher risk for stroke with postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT). DESIG...