Measurements of the yield behaviour of a cohesive bulk solid in the Jenike shear tester are normally done in two steps. First, pre-shearing to a steady state yielding, and secondly, shearing under a lower normal stress to establish the shear stress at incipient failure. Due to the limited strain of the sample in this apparatus, the material must be consolidated in an earlier stage. This is done...

The coefficient of consolidation in the Terzaghi theory of consolidation has been commonly determined by fitting the theory to observed compression with time in an incremental loading oedometer test. The Terzaghi theory is applicable to compression and swelling. A similar coefficient governed by horizontal permeability is used in the Barron formulation of consolidation with vertical drains. The...

Over the past two decades, donors increasingly linked foreign aid to democracy objectives in sub-Saharan Africa. Yet systematic research on this topic typically focuses on how aid influences democratic transitions. This study investigates whether and how foreign aid affects the process of democratic consolidation in sub-Saharan Africa by examining two potential mechanisms: (1) the use of aid as...

In this study, the analytical modeling of one-dimensional consolidation by vertical drains with vacuum preloading considering both vertical and horizontal drainage is presented. In this method, the total degree of consolidation based on excess pore water pressure dissipation is related to the time factor (Th), drain configuration and anisotropic soil permeability. The analytical predictions are...

Remodeling of cortical connectivity is thought to allow initially hippocampus-dependent memories to be expressed independently of the hippocampus at remote time points. Consistent with this, consolidation of a contextual fear memory is associated with dendritic spine growth in neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (aCC). To directly test whether such cortical structural remodeling is necessa...

Hypoxia-induced cognitive deficits are mainly due to disturbances of the balance between the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. Acquisition, consolidation and retention impairment in passive avoidance test, hypolocomotion in the open field test, an anxiogenic-like effect in the elevated plus-maze test and hypothermia were observed in rats subjected to hypoxia. Drugs which reduce glutamate rel...

The events which occurred on 11 September 2001 were unprecedented in many ways. This article discusses how online newspapers reported on these events. Applying a descriptive methodology to a sample of 18 online newspapers from nine countries, this article analyses the strengths and weaknesses of online newspapers that could be seen that day. It shows the consolidation of the internet as an impo...

The Nested L-shaped method is used to solve twoand multi-stage linear stochastic programs with recourse, which can have integer variables on the first stage. In this paper we present and evaluate a cut consolidation technique and a dynamic sequencing protocol to accelerate the solution process. Furthermore, we present a parallelized implementation of the algorithm, which is developed within the...

This paper examines the changing form of NGOs in Eastern Europe as they face challenges of democratic consolidation in an organizational environment increasingly permeated by universally available information technologies, unprecedented collaboration opportunities and complex technological change. We examine how NGOs’ potential for developing an innovative capacity is linked to their use of int...