The order Schizomida is a small group of arachnids, currently represented by two recent families: Protoschizomidae Rowland, 1975 with two genera and 12 species; and Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899 with 48 genera and 271 species worldwide (Harvey 2007, Armas 2010, Monjaraz-Ruedas 2012). Schizomids can be found in leaf litter, under rocks, in caves and other subterranean voids, in many tropical and subtr...

BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance in Trialeurodes vaporariorum W. is unknown in the species' northern distribution range where it inhabits mainly commercial greenhouses. Resistance development in whiteflies feeding on year-round crops in greenhouses is possible owing to the use of chemical treatments to back up biocontrol. The authors tested the response levels to spiromesifen, pymetrozine and ...

We construct a probabilistic coherence measure for information sets which determines a partial coherence ordering. This measure is applied in constructing a criterion for expanding our beliefs in the face of new information. A number of idealizations are being made which can be relaxed by an appeal to Bayesian Networks.

This paper applied a non-parametric (Data Envelopment Analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful uses of energy in order to optimize the energy inputs for greenhouse cucumber production in Lorestan province of Iran. Data were collected from 27 cucumber producers by using a face-to-face questionnaire.DEA cr...

Clubroot symptoms occurred severely on roots of Pak-Choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) grown in greenhouses in Gwangju city, Gyeonggi province, Korea in September, 2008. The incidence of the disease symptoms reached as high as 90% in three greenhouses investigated. The root galls collected from the greenhouses were sectioned using a scalpel and observed by light microscope. Many resting ...

53 The microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), has become the mainstay of non-chemical control of 54 Lepidopteran pests, either as sprays or through the incorporation of Bt toxins into transgenic crops. Given 55 the wide use of Bt, it is striking that currently only one pest species, Plutella xylostella, has been reported 56 to have developed significant resistance to Bt outside the...

Greenhouses are a well-accepted containment strategy to grow and study genetically modified plants (GM) before release into the environment. Various containment levels are requested by national regulations to minimize GM pollen escape. We tested the amount of pollen escaping from a standard greenhouse, which can be used for EU containment classes 1 and 2. More specifically, we investigated the ...

this paper applied a non-parametric (data envelopment analysis) method to analyze the efficiency of farmers, discriminate efficient farmers from inefficient ones and to identify wasteful uses of energy in order to optimize the energy inputs for greenhouse cucumber production in lorestan province of iran. data were collected from 27 cucumber producers by using a face-to-face questionnaire.dea cr...