Traditionally, behaviouristic models have been used for the design of many interactive learning environments. In contrast, we propose a pedagogical model based on social constructivism and phenomenography, which we believe is more adequate when, for instance, information seeking and the use of the WWW are natural components in the learning situation. To see learners as persons who continuously ...

Although constructivism has many meanings and connotations in educational literature, I will examine this concept specifically from the perspective of my academic training (as a Developmental Psychologist) in this article. In addition to my academic background, I have reached a broader understanding of constructivism from my own teaching. Consequently, some of what I write represents extensions...

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Introduction Constructivism is the most influential ‘theory’ of learning in education. In mathematics education in particular, many and if not most educators would claim to be constructivist in one form or another. The word ‘theory’, however, is inappropriate, for constructivism is not a structured framework of ideas or concepts that can determine an approach to mathematics education (a notable...

Social constructivist approaches in technology studies have recently gained the attention of philosophers of technology, as is shown by a number of publications (e.g., Mitcham, 1995; Feenberg and Hannay, 1995; Winner, 1991, 1994; Feenberg, 1992, 1995). Whereas the aim of some of these studies is to provide a philosophical critique of social constructivism (e.g., Winner 1991), others aim to inco...

Social constructivist approaches in technology studies have recently gained the attention of philosophers of technology, as is shown by a number of publications (e.g., Mitcham, 1995; Feenberg and Hannay, 1995; Winner, 1991, 1994; Feenberg, 1992, 1995). Whereas the aim of some of these studies is to provide a philosophical critique of social constructivism (e.g., Winner, 1991), others aim to inc...

along with breakdown of soviet :union:, political geographical system as well as meaning construction of central asia and caucasus changed dramatically. thus new structure, necessities, and actors have emerged in relations between iran and countries locating in caucasus. one of these countries is azerbaijan. iran-azerbaijan relationship is of high significance from different aspects. after azer...

this article examines the role of security approach in challenging tehran-baku relations by analyzing political and economic factors in their bilateral relations. the article centers on finding an answer to the question that what constitutes the main cause of unfriendly approach in relations between the two states between 1991 and 2009. the main hypothesis of this article is that emphasizing se...

In one of his fi rst papers, Thomas Kuhn ( 1959 ) addressed the “essential tension” implicit in scientifi c research, i.e., the contrast between convergent and divergent thinking. He considered both to be central to the advance of science. Convergent thinking is what scientists do in their daily “normal research projects,” where the “scientist is not an innovator but a solver of puzzles, and th...