Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate insecticide, used to control foliage and soil-borne insect pests on a variety of food and feed crops. In the natural environment, Chlorpyrifos can be degraded  through  several  possible  processes,  including  photodegradation, biodegradation,  and hydrolysis.  In  the  present  work  the  photodegradation  and  environmental  fate  of  Chlorpyrifos  in aqueo...

When plants are damaged, they produce semiochemicals which can act as repellents for herbivorous pests and as attractants for organisms antagonistic to these pests, e.g., predators and parasitic wasps. Plants can also produce signals that warn other plants of impending attack. From this range of phenomena, it is possible to identify new ways to control pests. Although, in the past, we have need...

Objective: Sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gen. (B. tabaci), is one of the most important pests of various greenhouse crops in Iran. Nowadays, chemical insecticides are broadly used for control of the pests that causes risk to consumer's health. For the first time, contact toxicity of Pelargonium roseum Andrews and Artemisia sieberi Besser essential oils on B. tabaci and its possible appl...

Abstract AC303,630 (chlorfenapyr), a member of a new class of compound known as the pyrroles, is a broad spectrum insecticide/acaricide on many economically importance crops. AC303,630 is highly active by ingestion, posesses contact activity and provides moderate residual activity on plants. Extensive field study in many Asian countries has shown AC303,630 to be highly effective on many economi...

Urbanization is a product of human population growth and industrialization. In industrialized as well as developing countries, urbanization has moved humans away from many arthropod pests, but into intimate associations with others. Since the introduction of synthetic organic insecticides, urban dwellers have fought pests almost exclusively with repeated applications of chemicals. In agricultur...

The nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) is a ligand-gated ion channel composed of 5 protein subunits arranged around a central cation selective pore. Several classes of natural and synthetic insecticides mediate their effect through interacting at nAChRs. This review examines the basic pharmacology of the neonicotinoids and related chemistry, with an emphasis on sapfeeding insects from the...