Ecthyma contagiosum is a viral disease of sheep and goats, which is caused by Parapoxvirus. Primary cell cultures of lamb testis, lamb kidney, rabbit kidney and permanent cell lines: foetal sheep kidney (FSK), sheep foetal thymus (SFT), sheep foetal muscle (SFM), sheep plexus choroideus (SPC), bovine trachea (BTR), embryonic bovine trachea (EBTR), Madin Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) and baby hamst...

The sheep parapoxvirus orf virus (ORFV) induces acute, pustular skin lesions in humans. ORFV encodes an orthologue of interleukin-10 (IL-10) that, whilst it closely resembles ovine IL-10 (91 % amino acid identity), shows only 75 % amino acid identity to human IL-10 (hIL-10). The anti-inflammatory potential of ORFV IL-10 in human ORFV infection was investigated by examining its immunosuppressive...

This paper proposes a test for the existence and degree of contagious presenteeism and negative externalities in sickness insurance schemes. First, we theoretically decompose moral hazard into shirking and contagious presenteeism behavior and derive testable conditions. Then, we implement the test exploiting German sick pay reforms and administrative industry-level data on certified sick leave ...

Orf is a mucocutaneous disease that occurs when non-intact skin comes into contact with contaminated sheep saliva. The lesions may complicate to lymphangitis or secondary bacterial infection, but systemic complications such as erythema multiforme, maculopapular rash, and generalized lymphadenopathy are rare. In this paper, we present two cases of erythema multiforme following Orf disease.

IT HAS BECOME part of the canon of medical history that Girolamo Fracastoro [Hieronymus Fracastorius] (1478-1553) and Jacob Henle (1809-1885) each made fundamental contributions, separated by three centuries, to the understanding of the role of living micro-organisms in the etiology of communicable diseases. Fracastoro published his De contagione . . . in 1546,' only three years after two works...

We describe here the nearly complete open reading frame (ORF) of five Gamboa virus strains isolated in Panama and Argentina. The viruses with complete ORF showed the regular genome organization observed in other orthobunyaviruses with exception to the presence of NSs protein. All predicted proteins showed homology with viruses belonging to members of the family Bunyaviridae.

Recent studies have documented that the contagion of information and behaviors in social networks is generally quite limited. We examine whether this pattern characterizes exogenous demand shocks diffusing in a product network. To this end, we analyze a unique series of demand shocks induced by mass-media book reviews on the Oprah Winfrey television show and in the New York Times. Our identific...