Five language and tagset independent stochastic taggers, handling morphological and contextual information, are presented and tested in corpora of seven European languages (Dutch, English, French, German, Greek, Italian and Spanish), using two sets of grammatical tags; a small set containing the eleven main grammatical classes and a large set of grammatical categories common to all languages. T...

Content and Language Integrated Learning signifies studying a core subject (Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Engineering so on) while simultaneously language. It means integrating the two, with each serving purpose of other. (CLIL) is increasingly being used worldwide as it centers not only on content but language both at same time. There no without there This quantitative study discusses use C...

Although the core element in CLIL and immersion programmes is integration of content language, it challenging to achieve a balance between two meet dual-objective CLIL. Research on beliefs teachers have about way they understand role language their classes crucial that balance. In Basque Autonomous Community (BAC), multilingual region Spain, schools are implementing order improve students’ Engl...

the present study investigated the effect of single and multiple genre movies on listening comprehension of upper intermediate language learners. to this end, a language proficiency test was administered to 40 male and female postgraduates of different majors attending international english language testing system (ielts) classes and ultimately 25 upper intermediate language learners were selec...

Recent studies hypothesize that language production is governed by the principle of efficient information transmission: Speakers tend to omit elements whose information content is contextually predictable, while providing more linguistic signal to convey otherwise less predictable information. However, previous findings in support of this hypothesis are also compatible with alternative accounts...

Embodied cognitive agents must be able to process two very different kinds of inputs: interoceptive stimuli (stimuli originating inside of the body) and natural language. To support these complex functionalities, developers must address, among other issues, two kinds of paraphrase: a) reformulation of the representation of physiological events (e.g., symptoms) in “lay” terms that can be underst...

Numerous forms of policies, licensing terms, and related conditions are associated with Web data and services. A natural goal for facilitating the reuse and re-combination of such content is to model usage policies as part of the data so as to enable their exchange and automated processing. This paper thus proposes a concrete policy modelling language. A particular difficulty are self-referenti...