Unsteady three-dimensional flow in the mold region of the liquid pool during continuous casting of steel slabs has been computed using realistic geometries starting from the submerged inlet nozzle. Three largeeddy simulations (LES) have been validated with measurements and used to compare results between full-pool and symmetric half-pool domains and between a full-scale water model and actual b...

In the present work, heat transfer coefficients (h) along different cooling zones of a continuous caster billet machine were determined during casting of low and medium carbon steels. The effects of casting parameters, such as machine characteristics, the ingot dimension, mold, sprays zones, radiant cooling, melt composition and casting temperature were investigated and correlated with heat tra...

Real world combinatorial optimization problems such as scheduling are typically too complex to solve with exact methods. Additionally, the problems often have to observe vaguely speci ed constraints of di erent importance, the available data may be uncertain, and compromises between antagonistic criteria may be necessary. We present a combination of approximate reasoning based constraints and i...

Electromagnetic braking (EMBr) greatly influences turbulent flow in the continuous casting mold and its transient stability, which affects level fluctuations and inclusion entrainment. Large eddy simulations are performed to investigate these transient flow phenomena using an accurate numerical scheme implemented on a graphics processing unit. The important effect of the current flow through th...

Subsurface hook formation during initial solidification in the continuous casting mould degrades the quality of steel slabs owing to the associated entrapment of argon bubbles and non-metallic inclusions. To minimise hook depth and to improve slab quality, extensive plant experiments were performed and analysed to quantify the effect of casting parameters on hook characteristics using the no. 2...

Using a semi-discrete model that describes the heat transfer of a continuous casting process of steel, this paper is addressed to an optimal control problem of the continuous casting process in the secondary cooling zone with water spray control. The approach is based on the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation satisfied by the value function. It is shown that the value function is the viscosity so...

Wheelchair designs based upon loads applied quasi-statically during normal mobility use are apt to be inadequate to handle the increased level of dynamic crash forces that may be encountered when using the wheelchair as a motor vehicle seat. The purpose of this study was to characterize the integrity of wheelchair caster assemblies under simulated crash conditions. This study utilized dynamic d...