The transport of fluid, heat ,and particles (bubbles and solid inclusions) in flowing molten steel is investigated in steel refining ladles, the continuous casting tundish, continuous casting mold and strand, and steel ingot casting processes. The two-equation k-ε model is used to simulate the turbulence. Multiphase fluid flow is numerically simulated with a Lagrangian-Eulerian approach, an Eul...

This paper is concerned with the effect of pure shear on the reflection from a plane boundary of infinitesimal plane waves propagating in a half-space of incompressible isotropic elastic material. For a special class of constitutive laws it is shown that an incident plane harmonic wave propagating in the considered plane gives rise to a surface wave in addition to a reflected wave (with angle o...

In this chapter the theory of scattering of elastic surface waves is described. Since surface waves are guided along the surface of materials, the scattering properties of surface waves are useful for probing the heterogeneity of the material near the surface as well as perturbations of the free surface. This has applications in the detection of surface defects (Steg and Klemens, 1974) and in s...

We describe a powerful signal processing method, the continuous wavelet transform, and use it to analyze radial structure in Cassini ISS images of Saturn’s rings. Wavelet analysis locally separates signal components in frequency space, causing many structures to become evident that are difficult to observe with the naked eye. Density waves, generated at resonances with saturnian satellites orbi...