This paper demonstrates how a recently reported shape-from-shading scheme can be used to extract topographic information from 2D intensity imagery (Worthington and Hancock, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 21 (1999) 1250}1267). The shape-from-shading scheme has two important features which enhance the recovered surface description. Firstly, it uses a geometric update procedure which allo...

As IC feature sizes become smaller and smaller, requirements for Critical Dimension (CD) variations control have become a critical issue. A new process for the control and correction of intra-field CD variations (Critical Dimension Control or CDC) was applied and it's influence on defects detection and photo-masks inspection capabilities at different modes of inspection was investigated. CD Con...

Low solar radiation caused by industrial development and solar dimming has become a limitation in crop production in China. It is widely accepted that low solar radiation influences many aspects of plant development, including slender, weak stems and susceptibility to lodging. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. To clarify how low solar radiation affects stem mechanical ...

The power loss in a photovoltaic array under identical partial shading pattern is proportional to the percentage of shading. This makes sense, as depends on solar irradiance generate electrical energy. However, it tacitly assumed that maximum partially shaded PV always decreases intensity increases. although poorly documented, appears literature this may not be case. investigation characteristi...

The software currently available for analytical relief shading does not generally permit local adaptations of the light direction, the simulation of aerial perspective, and other necessary techniques developed for manual relief shading. To remedy this deficiency, a program for computer-assisted relief shading has been developed that allows users to locally adapt shading characteristics, permitt...

Traditionally, control strategies are applied to automate switchable electrochromic glazing systems (EC) save energy and provide comfort for occupants indoors. In addition, the plants’ minimum requirements consequences of active shading on supplemental artificial lighting plants should be considered when designers want embrace Biophilic design. This paper introduces a simulation workflow evalua...

the distribution of yellowfin seabream populations in estuaries and inland rivers in coastal area of the persian gulf and strait of hormuz is presented. based on morphological and mersitic characteristics and also color pattern, these populations are assigned to the recently described sparid fish, acanthopagrus arabicus iwatsuki, 2013 which is distinguished by pelvic and anal fins vivid or stro...