background and aims: diabetic nephropathy (dn) is the most common cause of end-stage renal failure which could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and morbidity and mortality in patients. the aim of this study was to investigate new modalities for treatment of diabetic nephropathy. methods:this study was a mini-review research to investigate drugs that are used for dn treatment. results...

Combination therapy of hypertension with separate agents or a fixed-dose combination pill offers the potential to lower blood pressure more quickly, obtain target blood pressure, and decrease adverse effects. Antihypertensive agents from different classes may offset adverse reactions from each other, such as a diuretic decreasing edema occurring secondary to treatment with a calcium channel blo...

There is a relation between vascular endothelial function, atherosclerotic disease, and inflammation. Deterioration of endothelial function has been observed twenty-four hours after intensive periodontal treatment. This effect may be counteracted by the action of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, which improve endothelial function. The aim of the present study was to evaluate vascular e...

Objective To determine the effect of combinations of statins, aspirin, blockers, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the secondary prevention of all cause mortality in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Design Open prospective cohort study with nested case-control analysis. Setting 1.18 million patients registered with 89 general practices across 23 strategic health authority ar...