Cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria are model organisms for studying rapid radiation and speciation. On the way to examine the molecular basis of how these cichlid fishes achieved such a remarkable morphological diversification, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library derived from a cichlid species, Haplochromis chilotes, from Lake Victoria. The library includes 157,056 clone...

W~SENDEN, B. D. 1993. Female convict cichlids adjust gonadal investment in current reproduction in response to relative risk of brood predation. Can. J. Zool. 71: 252 -256. Parental care theory predicts that investment in current reproduction should be increased when the prospects of success in current reproductive effort are relatively high, and reduced when they are poor relative to expected ...

Different nations’ tendency to expand their judicial and legislative territory outside their ruling kingdom has caused conflicts in the criminal qualification and the coming into existence of legal bad effects. Among these bad effects is the double or additional punishment of someone who has been tried and received their penalty in another country before, which is at odds with the principles of...

With an estimated 3000 species, distributed from Central and South America, across Africa to Madagascar, the Middle East, and southern India, cichlid fishes (Cichlidae) represent the most species-rich family of vertebrates. In total they account for about 10% of extant teleost diversity. Throughout their distributional range, cichlids have repeatedly demonstrated their capacity for undergoing a...

With over 600 species and coming in all sizes, shapes, patterns colors, Neotropical cichlids of Central South America are popular pet fish. But most don't start out with bright bold colors contrasting across their bodies. So just how does a drab juvenile turn into vivid adult? Denis Prazdnikov Fedor Shkil the Severtsov Institute Ecology Evolution, Russia, think that they've discovered answer: t...

Lake Victoria cichlid fishes are excellent examples of explosive adaptive radiation. Although Lake Victoria cichlids are believed to have arisen during a short period (approximately 14,000 years), they have various species-specific phenotypes. One important phenotype that distinguishes each species is the shape of the jaw, which has diverged to adapt to the wide variety of trophic habitats pres...

We reconstruct the historical biogeography of cichlid fishes endemic to the trans-Andean region of NW South America. DNA sequences were used to study historical biogeography of the cichlid genera Andinoacara (Cichlasomatini) and Mesoheros (Heroini). Two eventbased methodological approaches, parsimony-based Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance Analysis (S-DIVA) and likelihood-based DispersalExtincti...

Elections have two distinct roles in society. First, they serve as a mechanism to decide policies when individuals disagree about appropriate actions. Second, they aggregate information dispersed in the population. This second role can be found even in situations where all individuals agree on the appropriate policies. The focus of this essay is on information aggregation in elections and on th...