There are two different physical models connecting the micro-geometry of a surface and its physical reflectance properties (BRDF). The first, Cook-Torrance, assumes geometrical optics: light is reflected and masked by the micro-facets. In this model, the BRDF depends on the probability distribution of micro-facets normals. The second, Church-Takacs, assumes diffraction by the micro-geometry. In...

The availability of substantial computational capability in industrial environments has rendered the traditional S-factor prediction of cook time o control DP inadequate, compared to what can be achieved with more sophisticated predictive models. A fundamental model, in simplified form, ith adjustable parameters, was developed and its accuracy to predict DP based on given operating conditions w...