Microsegregation is one of the most important phenomena occurs during solidification. It usually results in formation of some unexpected second phases which generally affect the mechanical properties and specially reduce the workability of casting products. The aim of this research is to study the effect of cooling rate and grain refinement on the microsegregation in Al-4.8 wt.% Cu. For this p...

Abstract: Cooling slope-casting processing is a relatively new technique to produce semisolid cast feedstock for the thixoforming process. Simple equipment, ease of operation, and low processing costs are the main advantages of this process in comparison with existing processes such as mechanical stirring, electromagnetic stirring, etc. The processing parameters of cooling slope casting are...

We report the application nondegenerate ultrafast midinfrared spectroscopy to investigate the acoustic phonon cooling process in epitaxial graphene. We show that the powerdependent experimental results match theoretical predictions of the low temperature acoustic cooling process. The hot phonon effect in acoustic phonon cooling is observed experimentally, and a deformation potential of 30 eV ca...

Observations reveal that the substantial cooling of the global lower stratosphere over 1979-2003 occurred in two pronounced steplike transitions. These arose in the aftermath of two major volcanic eruptions, with each cooling transition being followed by a period of relatively steady temperatures. Climate model simulations indicate that the space-time structure of the observed cooling is largel...

In this paper, the application of evaporative cooling for refrigeration cycle to reduce power consumption in hot climates is emphasized. Experimental and analytical investigations were performed in order to specify the effect of evaporative cooling condenser instead of the commonly used air cooling condenser in window-air-conditioners. Evaporative condenser can reject more heat, thereby preve...

We study laser cooling of two ions that are trapped in a harmonic potential and interact by Coulomb repulsion. Sideband cooling in the Lamb–Dicke regime is shown to work analogously to sideband cooling of a single ion. Outside the Lamb–Dicke regime, the incommensurable frequencies of the two vibrational modes result in a quasi-continuous energy spectrum that significantly alters the cooling dyn...

New X-ray observations with XMM-Newton show a lack of spectral evidence for large amounts of cooling and condensing gas in the centers of galaxy clusters believed to harbour strong cooling flows. The paper reex-plores the cooling flow scenario in the light of the new observations. We explore the diagnostics of the temperature structure of cooling cores with XMM-spectroscopy, tests for intraclus...

This paper describes several main monomial cooling methods of greenhouse in summer, including natural ventilation, mechanical ventilation, wet curtain cooling, external sun-shading etc., as well as analyzes the change law of the environment on temperature and humidity in greenhouse. The result shows that the four cooling methods stated above make the temperature gradients between internal and e...