The Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) took effect in May 2008, and the focus of this paper is on Article 23, which requires that there be international cooperation for the promotion of the CRPD in developing countries. A main research question here is how development assistance can be utilised to promote the rights of persons with disabilities in developing countries. In ...

In social dilemma games, human participants often show conditional cooperation (CC) behavior or its variant called moody conditional cooperation (MCC), with which they basically tend to cooperate when many other peers have previously cooperated. Recent computational studies showed that CC and MCC behavioral patterns could be explained by reinforcement learning. In the present study, we use a re...

Evolvability is the capacity to evolve. This paper introduces a simple computational model of evolvability and demonstrates that, under certain conditions, evolvability can increase indefinitely, even when there is no direct selection for evolvability. The model shows that increasing evolvability implies an accelerating evolutionary pace. It is suggested that the conditions for indefinitely inc...

BACKGROUND With the exception of key 'proven successes' in global health, the current regime of global health governance can be understood as transnational and national actors pursuing their own interests under a rational actor model of international cooperation, which fails to provide sufficient justification for an obligation to assist in meeting the health needs of others. An ethical commitm...

Economic transformation has had a positive influence in Poland on statistical indices that characterize occupational safety and health (OSH). Surprisingly, working conditions have not deteriorated. Methodological differences make comparing statistical data in various countries difficult. OHS standards in Poland are harmonized with European and international ones. Testing and certification, qual...

economists look at the entrepreneurship from the prospective of profitability, investment, risk, and insight supporting the economical development but it seems that, in modern societies, entrepreneurship`s function is beyond the economical bounds. according to the stage and importance of entrepreneurship which is known as the society’s economic and culture evolution engine, it is necessary to d...

Many countries are involved in the “production” and overseas recruitment of care workers in a major international response to the “care crisis” affecting advanced industrialized economies. But the distribution of gains and losses from care-labour migration is becoming increasingly unequal, and the pressure to develop alternative policies is intensifying. The author assesses the relevance of dif...

The management of victims during mass-casualty incidents (MCIs) is improving. In many countries, physicians and paramedics are well-trained to manage these incidents. A problem that has been encountered during MCIs is the lack of adequate numbers of hospital beds to accommodate the injured. In Europe, hospitals are crowded. One solution for the lack of beds is the creation of baseline data syst...

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States are in the transition toward a new, knowledge-based economy. As these states diversify from a petroleum-based economy to knowledge-based industries, the countries’ competitiveness and performance increasingly will depend on their abilities to foster an indigenous capacity for technological innovation. This paper presents a broad framework for a national...