Conditions were established under which membrane diffusion chambers surgically implanted into mice could be used to study interactions between host defense factors and Candida albicans within the chambers. Depending on the size of membrane pores, soluble host substances and phagocytic cells entered the chambers during the first 24 h after chamber implantation. By 7 days in vivo, the membranes o...

This paper studies the formation of Japanese ventures in family planning deployed in various villages in Asia from the 1960s onward in the name of development aid. By critically examining how Asia became the priority area for Japan's international cooperation in family planning and by analyzing how the adjective "humanistic" was used to underscore the originality of Japan's family planning prog...

In a population of interacting agents, the update dynamics defines the temporal relation between the moments at which agents update the strategies they use when they interact with other agents. The update dynamics is said to be synchronous if this process occurs simultaneously for all the agents and asynchronous if this is not the case. On the other hand, the network of contacts defines who may...

We develop a theoretical framework for international cooperation that can be used for the elimination of asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). The framework is based on the similarities in the temporal patterns of asbestos use and occurrence of ARDs in diverse countries. The status of each nation can be characterized by observing asbestos use and ARD frequency therein using a time window. Countries...

Divergent cumulative cultural evolution occurs when the cultural evolutionary trajectory diverges from the biological evolutionary trajectory. We consider the conditions under which divergent cumulative cultural evolution can occur. We hypothesize that two conditions are necessary. First that genetic and cultural information are stored separately in the agent. Second cultural information must b...

Differently from previous studies of tag-based cooperation, we assume that individuals fail to recognize their own tag. Due to such incomplete information, the action taken against the opponent cannot be based on similarity, although it is still motivated by the tag displayed by the opponent. We present stability conditions for the case when individuals play unconditional cooperation, unconditi...

Wise management of natural resources has become a fundamental challenge nowadays. Cooperative approaches are needed in order to provide a sustainable framework for stimulating the individual awareness and participation towards common environmental objectives. In order to reach mutually beneficial outcomes, public administrations, companies, individuals and communities will need to organize for ...