persian gulf is known as one of the main areas of oil exploration and production, and in the meanwhile, this causes some problems for the contained water ecosystem by pollution. in this concern, one of the ways to face this problem is the use of oysters as biological treatment. sacostrea cucullata is one of endemic oyster species to persian gulf that is known as one of the important filterers. ...

We apply mathematical modelling to study heat transfer processes during fire refining of blister copper in a ladle-furnace unit. A unit was designed test the technology using bottom blowing bubble mode by gaseous reducing agents (hydrocarbons) and an oxidiser. Mathematical allows properties real process be described based on formalisation physical laws regularities. It proposed use agents, rath...

Types of land disposed residuals from selected metal smelting and refining industries are described, as are the origin and disposition of land disposed residuals from the primary copper industry as an example. Quantities of land-disposed or stored residuals, including slags, sludges, and dusts, are given per unit of metal production for most primary and secondary metal smelting and refining ind...

THE ANCIENT WORLD passed from the Stone Age through the Bronze and Iron Ages to our modern developed society—a society that is dependent on metals and alloys for its very existence. However, an impressive body of metallurgical knowledge developed in the thousands of years since ancient man first found copper and became curious enough to investigate the behavior of this naturally occurring, rela...

Arsenic is present in all copper, lead, and zinc sulfide ores and is carried along with those metals in the mining, milling and concentrating process. Separation, final concentration and refining of by-product arsenic as the trioxide is achieved at smelters. Arsenic is the essential consistent element of many compounds important and widely used in agriculture and wood preservation. Lesser amoun...

Abstract Gold parting enabled the production of very pure gold for various purposes from sixth century BC onwards, but analytical proof this pyrotechnical process is difficult. We describe a new approach identification purified combining silver and copper isotopic with trace element analyses. Parting experiments were performed gold-silver-copper alloys using classical salt cementation to invest...