that they are alive, and as living organisms they are, if properly maintained, renewable. They sustain Americans by contributing food, water, fuel, medicine, employment, recreation, and, especially, the splendor and wonder that inspire and nurture our spirits. Use of these resources, whether in consumptive ways such as logging, commercial fishing, hunting, and agriculture or in nonconsumptive a...

Gazetteer services are an important component in a wide variety of systems, including geographic search engines and question answering systems. Unfortunately, the footprints provided by gazetteers are often limited to a bounding box or even a centroid. Moreover, for a lot of non–political regions, detailed footprints are nonexistent since these regions tend to have gradual, rather than crisp, b...

Objective: To verify if there is difference in the buccal and posterior corridor width in cases treated with extraction of one and four premolars. Methods: Through posed smile photographs of 23 Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of one premolar and 25 Class I and Class II patients, subdivision, treated with extraction of four premolars, the percentage of buccal and posterio...

An important component of driver assistance systems (DAS) is lane detection, and has been studied since the 1990s. However, improving and generalizing lane detection solutions remains to be a challenging task until recently. A (physical) lane is defined by road boundaries or various kinds of lane marks, and this is only partially applicable for modeling the space an ego-vehicle is able to drivi...

Being a mosaic of miscellaneous habitats, the Toruń Valley is a refuge for numerous species of animals, who find their shelter here, food and favourable places for reproduction. Countrywide, the Valley is also an important natural ecological corridor for those animals. Regarding this function, the Vistula River is of particular significance within the described area. This study presents species...

Many problems in computational sustainability involve constraints on connectivity. When designing a new wildlife corridor, we need it to be geographically connected. When planning the harvest of a forest, we need new areas to harvest to be connected to areas that have already been harvested so we can access them easily. And when town planning, we need to connect new homes to the existing utilit...

BACKGROUND Reliable predictions of regional-scale population connectivity are needed to prioritize conservation actions. However, there have been few examples of regional connectivity models that are empirically derived and validated. The central goals of this paper were to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of factorial least cost path corridor mapping on an empirical resistance surface in reflect...