The Monte Carlo program CORSIKA simulates the 4-dimensional evolution of extensive air showers in the atmosphere initiated by photons, hadrons or nuclei. It contains links to the hadronic interaction models DPMJET, HDPM, NEXUS, QGSJET, SIBYLL, and VENUS. These codes are employed to treat the hadronic interactions at energies above 80 GeV. Since their first implementation in 1996 the models DPMJ...

The light intensity distribution in a shower image and its implications to the primary energy reconstructed by the fluorescence technique are studied. Based on detailed CORSIKA energy deposit simulations, a universal analytical formula is derived for the lateral distribution of light in the shower image and a correction factor is obtained to account for the fraction of shower light falling into...

Interpretation of EAS measurements strongly depends on detailed air shower simulations. The uncertainty in the prediction of shower observables for different primary particles and energies is currently dominated by differences between hadronic interaction models. The new models QGSJET II-3 and EPOS 1.6, which reproduce all major results of existing accelerator data (including detailed data of R...

Abstract We study the correlations between charged particles in small cosmic ray air showers and determine size nature of their density fluctuations. have used CORSIKA simulation program to investigate this question. The result obtained shows “intermittent” behaviour individual realisations distributions. This is interesting itself, specific values scaled factorial moments allow us estimate pos...

The interpretation of extensive air shower (EAS) measurements is strongly dependent on the hadronic interaction models used for simulating reference showers. We study the importance of low-energy hadronic interactions in simulated air showers, generated with the simulation package CORSIKA, for the observed characteristics of extensive air showers. In particular we investigate in detail the ener...

Lateral distribution functions of particles in extensive air showers with the energy $${{E}_{0}} \approx {{10}^{{19}}}{\kern 1pt} $$ eV recorded by ground-based and underground scintillation detectors a threshold $${{E}_{\mu }}$$ {\kern 1.0 \times {\text{sec}}{\kern \theta GeV at Yakutsk array during continuous observations from 1986 to 2016 have been analyzed using events zenith angles θ ≤ 60°...