the current study attempted to investigate the mathematical sturcuture of cost function of irrigated wheat crop in kurdistan province. the methodolgy is based on duality assumption. the sample size is 257 farmers for the agricultural year 2011-2012.data was collected byinterviewwith farmers and writing writerquestionnaire.the multistage cluster random sampling used. the results showed that, the...

Improper designs of the demand response programs can lead to numerous problems such as customer dissatisfaction and lower participation in these programs. In this paper, a home energy management system is designed which schedules appliances of smart homes based on the user’s specific behavior to address these issues. Two types of demand response programs are proposed for each house which are sh...

One of the most complicated decision making problems for managers is the evaluation of bank performance, which involves various criteria. There are many studies about bank efficiency evaluation by network DEA in the literature review. These studies do not focus on multi-level network. Wu (Eur J Oper Res 207:856–864, 2010) proposed a bi-level structure for cost efficiency at the first time. In t...

in this paper a new strategy is proposed to design a fixed-structure robust controller for a flexible beam.  robust controller designed by the conventional  loop­ shaping method is not appropriate for a beam because of its high order and complicated form. fixed-structure  loop shaping control in conjunction with particle swarm optimization (pso)algorithm  is used to overcome this drawback. the ...

We analyze the role of subcontracting in industries where firms utilize their design of organizational production mode as strategic instrument. In particular, we investigate the decision of what fraction of components to produce internally and what fraction to subcontract. In-house production of components is assumed to generate monitoring costs, which increase as a convex function of the numbe...

In many everyday contexts people interact with information systems in order to make sense of a domain of interest. However, what this means and how it can best be supported are poorly understood. In particular, there has been little research on how to develop system representations that simplify naturally occurring sense making processes by matching people’s conceptualizations of the domain. In...

Total cost-of-ownership, operation costs, and resource efficiency of low-pressure plasma systems processes must be taken into consideration if new for surface treatment are to introduced. All three aspects will determine the costs any value increase per component subjected a process, they focus this article. At first glance, coating using seem dominated by high initial investments. However, fol...