Objective: This study aimed to provide a normative study documenting how 114 five-seven year-old non-‎patient Iranian children respond to the Rorschach test. We compared this especial sample to ‎international normative reference values for the Comprehensive System (CS).‎ Method: One hundred fourteen 5- 7- year-old non-patient Iranian children were recruited from public ‎schools. Using five chil...

Abstract Juvenile justice systems around the globe are becoming increasingly more similar to criminal systems. In Brazil, previous legislations focused on individuals themselves and did not distinguish between young offenders children in precarious conditions, but a new legislation 1990 marked rupture introduced elements of law. We leverage unique data set representative every adolescent who ha...

the concept of “ultra vires” has been studied in two specific areas: in company law and in discussions on the issues of capacity and acts of representatives. historically, in english law, ultra vires acts were considered as void, and neither representatives nor shareholders could approve them at a later time. subsequently, judges in common law system changed their approach from a restricted cap...

In this article, we consider whether personal relationships can affect the way that judges decide cases. To do so, we leverage the natural experiment of a child’s gender to identify the effect of having daughters on the votes of judges. Using new data on the family lives of U.S. Courts of Appeals judges, we find that, conditional on the number of children a judge has, judges with daughters cons...

Judging a gymnastics routine is a noisy process, and the performance of judges varies widely. The International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG), in collaboration with Longines and the Université de Neuchâtel, is designing and implementing an improved statistical engine to analyze the performance of gymnastics judges during and after major competitions like the Olympic Games and the World Champio...

Many Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs) and other data suppliers who are providing data within the INSPIRE themes will retain their own schemas for the data that they collect, manage and publish. For INSPIRE compliance however, they must also ensure that there is a Transformation Service available to transform the data to the appropriate INSPIRE schema. This service may be provided by the su...

Existing studies of judicial decisionmaking have found that elected judges are more likely to dissent and to oppose judges from the same party. These findings are explained by elected judges having stronger preferences for risk or being more independent. In this paper, I offer an alternative explanation: judges’ efforts to be retained should yield different patterns of opposition among judges f...

The INSPIRE services network architecture establishes rules for architectural model of the European Spatial Data Infrastructure. Each Member State of the European Union should create new services or adapt existing ones according to the implementing rules derived from the INSPIRE directive. The INSPIRE Drafting Team responsible for services implementing rules has agreed that services should be W...