During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Viagra and 39 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Cialis. The aim of the study was to investigate which of these techniques and associations of them were the best for discriminating genuine from counterfeit a...

Counterfeiting and forging currencies is a serious threat to any economy. Even though currency exists as a variation of coins, banknotes, and electronic data, many economies remain threatened by counterfeiting which is made possible by the ongoing technological advancements in reprographic equipment available to the general public. Clearly, counterfeit currency detection is not a task that can ...

14 During this study, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), near infrared 15 spectroscopy (NIR) and Raman spectroscopy were applied to 55 samples of counterfeit and 16 imitations of Viagra ® and 39 samples of counterfeit and imitations of Cialis ® . The aim of the 17 study was to investigate which of these techniques and associations of them were the best for 18 discriminating genuin...

Though the counterfeit coin problem is well known as a fascinating puzzle it claims great importance in Computer science, Game theory, and Mathematics. In terms of the puzzle the objective is to detect the counterfeit coins which are identical in appearance but different in weight. The word counterfeit not only describes forgeries of currency or documents, but can also be applied to software, p...

OBJECTIVE To identify the main counterfeit drugs seized by the Brazilian Federal Police and the states where seizures have been made. METHODS A retrospective descriptive study on expert reports produced by criminal investigators of the Federal Police between January 2007 and September 2010, in relation to counterfeit drugs, was carried out. RESULTS The drugs with greatest numbers of seizure...

Graphic design applications are often used for the editing and design of digital art. The same applications can be used for creating counterfeit documents such as identity documents (IDs), driver’s licences, passports, etc. However, the use of any graphic design application leaves behind traces of digital information that can be used during a digital forensic investigation. Current digital fore...

Graphic design applications are often used for the editing and design of digital art. The same applications can be used for creating counterfeit documents such as identity documents (IDs), driver’s licences, passports, etc. However, the use of any graphic design application leaves behind traces of digital information that can be used during a digital forensic investigation. Current digital fore...

An article entitled “Combating Sale of Counterfeit and Falsified Medicines Online: A Losing Battle”, authored by Kah Seng Lee and colleagues, presented the cases of some countries, including China’s fight against counterfeit and falsified medicines (CFMs). Regarding to the formulation and enforcement of legislations in this aspect in China, we comment on the article by providing further informa...

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Counterfeit components have been defined as a growing concern in recent years as demand increases for reducing costs. In fact the Department of Commerce has identified a 141% increase in the last three years alone. A counterfeit is any item that is not as it is represented with the intention to deceive its buyer or user. The misrepresentation is often driven by the known presence of defects or ...