Complex systems are fascinating because emergent phenomena are often unpredictable and appear to arise ex nihilo. The other side of this fascination, however, is a certain difficulty in comprehending complex systems, particularly for students. To help students more fully understand emergence and self-organization, a course on complexity theory was designed to not only be about these two concept...

The reoptimization issue studied in this paper can be described as follows: given aninstance I of some problem Π, an optimal solution OPT for Π in I and an instance I ′ resultingfrom a local perturbation of I that consists of insertions or removals of a small number ofdata, we wish to use OPT in order to solve Π in I , either optimally or by guaranteeingan approximation ratio be...

Most foundationalists allow that relations of coherence among antecedently justified beliefs can enhance their overall level of justification or warrant. In light of this, some coherentists ask the following question: if coherence can elevate the epistemic status of a set of beliefs, what prevents it from generating warrant entirely on its own? Why do we need the foundationalist’s basic beliefs...

ABSTRACT In the late 1970s big bang model of cosmology was widely accepted and interpreted as implying universe had a beginning. At end that decade William Lane Craig revived an argument for God known Kalam Cosmological Argument (KCA) based on this scientific consensus. Furthermore, he linked to supposed biblical concept creation ex nihilo found in Genesis. I shall critique Craig's position exp...

The reoptimization issue studied in this paper can be described as follows: given an instance I of some problem Π , an optimal solution OPT for Π in I and an instance I ′ resulting from a local perturbation of I that consists of insertions or removals of a small number of data, we wish to use OPT in order to solve Π in I ′, either optimally or by guaranteeing an approximation ratio better than ...

The purpose of this article is to cast some light on the question as why and how nationalism appeared rather suddenly on the political stage in Turkey at the beginning of the 20 th century. This article asserts that Turkish nationalism was an answer to the particular historical conditions that characterised the final phases of the Ottoman Empire and the birth of the modern Turkey. This article ...

The reoptimization issue studied in this paper can be described as follows: given aninstance I of some problem Π, an optimal solution OPT for Π in I and an instance I ′ resultingfrom a local perturbation of I that consists of insertions or removals of a small number ofdata, we wish to use OPT in order to solve Π in I , either optimally or by guaranteeingan approximation ratio be...