Suffusion is the process whereby fine particles are moved locally an transported through a coarse layer. This is a bulk erosion, which corresponds to a source term in the mass balance equations. This bulk erosion is counter intuitive, as erosion is basicaly an interfacial process. We suggest a framework within suffusion in a clayey sand can be viewed as a clay/water interface erosion at the mic...

An analytical model was formulated to describe the contaminant species transport and removal by the process, termed as coupled electric-hydraulic gradient assisted by ion exchange medium (CEHIXM). An analytical solution was performed in terms of eigenvalues and compared with the one-dimensional laboratory experimental results. The analytical solutions of the contaminant concentrations agreed to...

A two-dimensional hydraulic model River2D was used to investigate the significance of flow complexity on habitat preferences of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis) in the high-gradient Staunton River in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Two 100-m reaches were modeled where detailed brook trout surveys 10–30-m resolution have been conducted annually since 1997. Spatial hydraulic complexity metr...

In a porous material, both the pressure drop across a bubble and its speed are nonlinear functions of the fluid velocity. Nonlinear dynamics of bubbles in turn affect the macroscopic hydraulic conductivity, and thus the fluid velocity. We treat a porous medium as a network of tubes and combine critical path analysis with pore-scale results to predict the effects of bubble dynamics on the macros...

A forced Korteweg–de Vries (fKdV) equation can be used to model the surface wave of a twodimensional water flow over a bump when the upstream Froude number is near one. The fKdV model typically has four types of solutions: sub-critical cnoidal waves, sub-critical hydraulic fall, transcritical upstream soliton radiation, and supercritical multiple solitary waves. This paper provides a numerical ...

Leaf properties vary significantly within plant canopies, due to the strong gradient in light availability through the canopy, and the need for plants to use resources efficiently. At high light, photosynthesis is maximized when leaves have a high nitrogen content and water supply, whereas at low light leaves have a lower requirement for both nitrogen and water. Studies of the distribution of l...

Many temperate European tree species have their southernmost distribution limits in the Mediterranean Basin. The projected climatic conditions, particularly an increase in dryness, might induce an altitudinal and latitudinal retreat at their southernmost distribution limit. Therefore, characterizing the morphological and physiological variability of temperate tree species under dry conditions i...

so far, for an analysis of seepage under hydraulic structures much research has beenconducted in the form of numerical models. however, few field and laboratory workshave been performed to study the boiling phenomena for evaluating numerical models.throughout the present work, a laboratory model was built to simulate seepage and itscontrolling measures under sheet piles. the model consisted of ...