in this paper, the mean value of strain energy density criterion has been used to predict the critical fracture load in specimens with u-shaped notch under bending loads. an equation for calculation of averaged strain energy density in this zone has been presented. bending loads under mode i have been considered. two cases have been studied: 1) the control volume only includes the semicircular ...

This paper focuses on connection management for mission critical real-time applications over ATM networks. Traditional connection management generally requires Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters to be specified as fixed values, and can only provide a QoS that is constant throughout the lifetime of an admitted connection. Such simplistic specification and consequent resource management offer no...

This article proposes a framework for conceptualizing developing as a critically re ̄ective teacher. The author posits that critical re ̄ection is the distinguishing attribute of re ̄ective practitioners. The term critical re ̄ection as developed here merges critical inquiry, the conscious consideration of the ethical implications and consequences of teaching practice, with self-re ̄ection, deep exa...

The property tax rate, according to the residual view, is simply the ratio of levies over total assessed values, so that growth in property values is irrelevant to the revenue raised. Critics of this view claim instead that fi scal illusion allows policymakers to take advantage of increased assessed values to raise additional revenue by not fully reducing the tax rate. Using 2000–2008 data from...