Dynamics of the nonradiative transition in bistability centers is studied. The nonradiative transition is induced by an o -diagonal interaction between the two states around the potential crossing region. We propose a model for the lattice relaxation by extending the quantum damping theory to a two level system and analyze the transition dynamics numerically. The transition goes on in two steps...

A new method for determining the temperature calibration function for a high-temperature X-ray diffraction stage is described. This method utilizes the relative thermal expansion of two diffraction peaks, either for peaks from a mixture of phases, or from a single phase that has anisotropic thermal expansion. A calibration function is derived from data at many temperatures and collected over a ...

Hybridization efficiency of two crossing methods (involving emasculation by hot water or by anther aspiration), was determined in rice. Quantitative comparisons between crossing methods for pure line breeding are scarce and the objectives of this work were to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of emasculation methods, and to determine an adequate temperature for hot water emasculation. H...

In this study, thermal conductivity of aloe was determined in the cooling process from 20°C to -11°C, and in the thawing process from -11°C to 20 °C using the tiny thermal probe method. The tiny thermal probe measurement system had the advantages of high accuracy, short test time, low temperature rise and little water removal and was found to give accurate and consistent experimental results. T...

Optimisation of the reagents used to perform PCR is critical for reliable and reproducible results. As with any PCR initial time spent on optimisation of a real-time assay will be benefi cial in the long run. Specifi city, sensitivity, effi ciency and reproducibility are the important criteria to consider when optimising an assay and these can be altered by changes in the primer concentration, ...

Spiking neuronal networks are usually simulated with one of three main schemes: the classical time-driven and event-driven schemes, and the more recent hybrid scheme. All three schemes evolve the state of a neuron through a series of checkpoints: equally spaced in the first scheme and determined neuron-wise by spike events in the latter two. The time-driven and the hybrid scheme determine wheth...

A $k$-crossing family in a point set $S$ general position is of $k$ segments spanned by points such that all mutually cross. In this short note we present two statements on crossing families which are based sets small cardinality: (1) Any at least 15 contains size 4. (2) There $n$ do not contain larger than $8\lceil \frac{n}{41} \rceil$. Both results improve the previously best known bounds.