Crossover designs are efficient alternatives to parallel designs. Sample size reduction, comparing the 2x2 crossover to a two-arm parallel study, is approximately 4 to 1 in diabetes clinical trials. One challenge of using a crossover design is understanding and handling potential carryover effects. This paper will review the fundamentals of the crossover design, including design, model, and ana...

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs), simulating the evolution process of natural species, are used to solve optimization problems. Crossover (also called recombination), originated from simulating the chromosomeexchange phenomena in zoogamy reproduction, is widely employed in EAs to generate offspring solutions, of which the effectiveness has been examined empirically in applications. However, due to...

We study sample-to-sample fluctuations of the gap ratio in energy spectra finite disordered spin chains. The chains are described by random-field Ising model and Heisenberg model. show that away from ergodic-nonergodic crossover, correctly captured Rosenzweig-Porter (RP) However, microscopic models significantly exceed those RP vicinity crossover. upon introducing an extension to model, one rep...