Accurate and rapid noise-temperature measurements are critical to the modeling and development of high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) cryogenically cooled amplifiers. Four different techniques have been used in the laboratory to make noise-temperature measurements of cryogenically cooled amplifiers, and each of these is described below. Following this, the cryogenic pad method, the method ...

The B-mode detection of Cosmic Microwave Background polarization will require new technological developments, able to get sensitivities at least 2 orders of magnitude better than for the E-mode. This really ambitious goal cannot be reached simply by either improving the present technology or by adding more detectors to current design, at least in the frame of having a new space mission operatin...

The past few decades have seen major developments in the design and operation of cryogenic particle detectors. This technology offers an extremely good energy resolution - comparable to semiconductor detectors a wide choice target materials, making low temperature calorimetric ideal for variety physics applications. Rare event searches continued require ever greater exposures, which has driven ...

The conventional, 10 -8 ’ Torr-range, ion-pumped vacuum system of the SLAC 3.2~km linear accelerator is briefly described, along with typical performance data. Since polarized electron sources are of increasing importance to high-energy research, the necessary physical environments for such sources is given, and differential pumping and/or isolation systems capable of maintaining those conditio...

Abstract We present a cryogenic method for testing of thermal radiative properties materials commonly used in ground-based systems as well space probes. It is possible to measure total hemispherical emissivity or absorptivity metallic dielectric surfaces (0.1% - 100%) the range temperatures from 10 K up 320 source radiation. Emissivity control coatings probe JUICE are presented together with ot...