Liquid crystal flow model is a coupling between orientation (director field) of liquid crystal molecules and a flow field. The model is also related to a phase field model of multiphase flows and to microfluidics device. It is crucial to preserve the energy laws of the hydrodynamical system in numerical simulation of liquid crystal flows, especially when orientation singularities are involved. ...

The low-energy dynamical properties of the multiferroic hexagonal perovskite ErMnO3 have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering as well as terahertz and far infrared spectroscopies on a synchrotron source. From these complementary techniques, we have determined the magnon and crystal field spectra and identified a zone center magnon excitable only by the electric field of an electromagnet...

We numerically investigate the stabilization mechanisms of skyrmion crystals under thermal fluctuations and external magnetic field in itinerant centrosymmetric tetragonal magnets. By adopting an efficient steepest descent method with a small computational cost, we systematically construct field–temperature phase diagrams effective spin model derived from electron on two-dimensional square latt...

There have been sevex'al recent theoreti. cal papers predicting that surface states can exist in d-band metals near the cx'ossover of s and d bands of the same symmetry. ' ' This paper reports the first direct experimental evidence of surface states on clean single-crystal faces of tungsten. Total energy di.stributions of field emitted electrons from single-crystal planes reveal surface-depende...

Geometrical design of the spiral crystal selector can affect crystal orientation in the final single crystal structure. To achieve a better understanding of conditions associated with the onset of crystal orientation in a spiral crystal selector, temperature field was investigated using three-dimensional finite element method during the process. Different geometries of spiral crystal selec...

The interaction of a fast electron with a photonic crystal is investigated by solving the Maxwell equations exactly for the external field provided by the electron in the presence of the crystal. The energy loss is obtained from the retarding force exerted on the electron by the induced electric field, and the photon emission probability is calculated from the far-field Poynting vector. The fea...

An electric-field method is developed for measuring the polar anchoring energy of vertically aligned nematic liquid-crystal cells. Both theoretical analyses and confirming experimental results are presented. Vertically aligned liquid-crystal cells with buffed polyimide alignment layers are used to investigate the measurement techniques. Based on the voltage-dependent transmittance of the liquid...

Abstract The existing field power stations mainly use diesel generator sets for supply, with poor supply stability and no uninterrupted capability. Therefore, a hybrid energy storage device is introduced into the station to improve it. According working characteristics of different sources, an management strategy based on differential hysteresis voltage stabilization proposed. Hysteresis contro...