One of the most puzzling features of the prehistoric record of hominid stone tools is its apparent punctuation: it consists of abrupt bursts of dramatic change that separate long periods of largely unchanging technology. Within each such period, small punctuated cultural modifications take place. Punctuation on multiple timescales and magnitudes is also found in cultural trajectories from histo...

Climate change poses risks to human health, ecosystems, social and cultural systems, and economic development. It also provides opportunities. The goals of climate policy should be to reduce the risks and take advantage of the opportunities. Adapting to the potential effects of climate change is a complex and ongoing process requiring actions by individuals, communities, governments and interna...

Transmitted culture can be viewed as an inheritance system somewhat independent of genes that is subject to processes of descent with modification in its own right. Although many authors have conceptualized cultural change as a Darwinian process, there is no generally agreed formal framework for defining key concepts such as natural selection, fitness, relatedness and altruism for the cultural ...

Seen from a macro-dynamic point of view, the birth of modern society can be situated in the second half of the eighteenth century. To describe the basic characteristics of modern society, two levels should be distinguished, viz. the structural and the cultural level. According to the late Talcott Parsons, the dominant value pattern of modern society is the cultural pattern of instrumental activ...

This paper explores the transformative potential of cultural change in one locale for other cultural worlds, examining how participants in a particular cultural transformation may become influential when positioned as strategic agents in other contexts. A collaborative action research study in teacher education is described, in which mature-age trainee teachers of technology studies (who had pr...

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Every individual has behaviours, beliefs, and values which are different from the behaviours, beliefs, and values of other individuals. However, if individuals interact with each other there will be a tendency for their behaviours, beliefs, and values to become more similar because of imitation, teaching, and social learning. A group of individuals interacting with each other will tend to have ...

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There is a growing consensus that the benefits of information technology (IT) can not be realised fully by merely automating existing business processes. Consequently, major process changes enabled by IT, including business process re-engineering efforts, have been popular in North America and are now being introduced all over the world. Differences between nations and societies make it critica...