Carotid endarterectomy has a long history in stroke prevention, yet controversy remains concerning optimal techniques. Two methods frequently used are endarterectomy with patch angioplasty (CEAP) and eversion endarterectomy (CEE). The objective of this study was to compare hemodynamics-related stress and strain distributions between arteries repaired using CEAP and CEE. Mathematical models were...

CONTEXT The Women's Health Initiative Estrogen-Aone trial comparing conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with placebo was stopped early because of an increased stroke incidence and no reduction in risk of coronary heart disease. Preliminary results suggesting possible reduction in breast cancers warranted more detailed analysis. OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of CEE on breast cancers and mam...

BACKGROUND Accession of 10 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries to the E.U. resulted in the largest migratory influx in peacetime British history. No information exists on the sexual behaviour of CEE migrants within the U.K. The aim of this study was to assess the sexual lifestyles and health service needs of these communities. METHODS A survey, delivered electronically and available ...

BACKGROUND This study compared the efficacy of transdermally administered estradiol with that of orally administered conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on the renin-angiotensin system, plasma bradykinin level, and blood pressure (BP) in normotensive postmenopausal women (PMW). METHODS A total of 38 normotensive PMW were randomly assigned to two groups. The transdermal hormone replacement thera...

In the years immediately following the fall of the communist regime, Central and Eastern European (CEE) governments paid significant attention to environmental policy developments, both at home and abroad, as a consequence of domestic environmental mobilisation. However, after 1992 the nature of environmental policy reform changed. Legal and institutional change could no longer rely on its dome...

CONTEXT The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial of estrogen plus progestin vs placebo was stopped early, after a mean 5.6 years of follow-up, because the overall health risks of hormone therapy exceeded its benefits. OBJECTIVE To report health outcomes at 3 years (mean 2.4 years of follow-up) after the intervention was stopped. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The intervention phase was ...

BACKGROUND The increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) during oral conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) may explain the initial excess of cardiovascular disease observed in clinical studies. Because the effect of transdermal estradiol (E2) on CRP is unclear, we compared CRP changes after 6 and 12 months of transdermal E2 and oral CEE in a randomized 2x2 retinoid-placebo trial. METHODS AND RESULTS A ...

Following their EU accession, the new member countries from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) must achieve sustainable price stability as one of the pre-conditions for joining the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and adopting the euro. This paper examines the distribution dynamics of inflation rates in ten EU members from CEE relative to the EMU accession benchmark inflation over the period 199...

Abstract Latecomer political science communities have faced multiple challenges in the past decades, including very establishment of their professional identities. Based on case study Hungary, this article argues that publication performance is a substantial component identity profession. Hungary notable example among Central and East European (CEE) academia sense both initial take-off professi...

State-owned capital investment into so-called illiberal democracies in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has risen to become a more significant feature of CEE political economies, although knowledge the impact such transnational flows on capitalist development remains limited. This article analyses this form relation by contributing consequently fusing two strands burgeoning academic literature:...