Literary and scientific copyrights belong to ECMWF and are reserved in all countries. This publication is not to be reprinted or translated in whole or in part without the written permission of the Director. Appropriate non-commercial use will normally be granted under the condition that reference is made to ECMWF. The information within this publication is given in good faith and considered to...

Literary and scientific copyrights belong to ECMWF and are reserved in all countries. This publication is not to be reprinted or translated in whole or in part without the written permission of the Director. Appropriate non-commercial use will normally be granted under the condition that reference is made to ECMWF. The information within this publication is given in good faith and considered to...

! " # $ % & ' ( *)+ % , /.1032424576* &8 $ 9 9 8:6 $ . 8& ; < = +>7 ? ".* @A 6 , 9 % B /CEDF % G H* % # 84 I % F J K . 9 $ * L # 8 M242N = +>F O #P* # QC R Q S6 6T % /H >F U6 S : G V4 W * & X / P! # U Y /.Z Q W & B)# % % ,3 9 B. [ 6T ]\ / & ICFDF L ?@A % ^P _ : $ =V9 O ? " ] ". %\ U Q & 1 "` a b cGd#e/f-cU K 6T % ]\ / ? ,3 /.g # 8*CQD > Q 9 U 7 ?@A % $ 8& W X.* %, \ /.[hic j/f-ck` a b cGd#e/f-c...

How to improve healthcare system’ efficiency has been highly concerned by Chinese government. The objectives of this paper are to establish production function of medical service and analyze returns to scale; to measure technical efficiency; and to highlight possible policy implications of the results for policy makers. Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) is employed in this paper based on data ...

The hierarchical routing protocols based on clusters rely fundamentally on their CHs for data aggregation and routing. They are vulnerable to several attacks, such as Hello flood, Selective forwarding, replay, etc; attacks involving CH are the most damaging. If a malicious node managed to become a CH, it can launch attacks to disrupt the network operation. Note that, the malicious node can choo...

During the past decade there has been an increasing interest in research within Not-for-Profit (NFP) organisations. Research has indicated that there are a number of characteristics that make NFPs different from other organisations. This paper considers whether workers within the NFP sector have different attitudes to technology and whether such differences affect the measures used within techn...

Literary and scientific copyrights belong to ECMWF and are reserved in all countries. This publication is not to be reprinted or translated in whole or in part without the written permission of the Director. Appropriate non-commercial use will normally be granted under the condition that reference is made to ECMWF. The information within this publication is given in good faith and considered to...

introduction: metalworking fluids (mwfs) are widely used in metal working operations for cooling down, lubricating and reducing the friction between tools and work pieces which result in controlling the heat produced. exposure to mwfs causes several adverse effects including respiratory problems, skin diseases, cancer and even infertility. this study examines workers’ exposure to mwf mist and t...

basic understanding of the process of coolant heat transfer inside an engine is an indispensable prerequisite to devise an infallible cooling strategy. coolant flow and its heat transfer affect the cooling efficiency, thermal load of heated components, and thermal efficiency of a diesel engine. an efficient approach to studying cooling system for diesel engine is a 3d computational fluid dynami...