Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is encoded by the CYP19 gene. In obese postmenopausal women, increased aromatase activity in white adipose tissue is believed to contribute to hormone-dependent breast cancer. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) stimulates the cAMP→protein kinase A (PKA) pathway leading to increased CYP19 transcription and elevated aromatase activity i...

Previous studies have equated FOXL2 as a crucial actor in the ovarian differentiation process in different vertebrate species. Its transcriptional extinction in the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) leads primarily to a drastic decrease of aromatase (CYP19) expression in the first steps of goat ovarian development. In this study, we provide a better characterization of early ovarian development in...

The human placenta has a remarkable capacity to aromatize C19-steroids, produced by the fetal adrenals, to estrogens. This reaction is catalyzed by aromatase P450 (P450arom), encoded by the CYP19 gene. In placenta, CYP19 gene expression is restricted to the syncytiotrophoblast layer. Cytotrophoblasts isolated from human placenta, when placed in monolayer culture in 20% O2, spontaneously fuse to...

OBJECTIVE Experimental evidence suggests that fetal exposure to androgen excess may program the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in utero. The aim of this study was to examine whether the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG)(TAAAA)n and the cytochrome P450, family 19 (CYP19)(TTTA)n polymorphisms, known to influence sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels and aromatase activity ...

Estrogen synthesis is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 aromatase, which is encoded by the CYP19 gene. In obese postmenopausal women, increased aromatase activity in white adipose tissue is believed to contribute to hormone-dependent breast cancer. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) stimulates the cAMP!protein kinase A (PKA) pathway leading to increased CYP19 transcription and elevated aromatase activity in in...

Tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (Tsc1) is a tumor suppressor negatively regulating mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). It is reported that mice lacking Tsc1 gene in oocytes show depletion of primordial follicles, resulting in premature ovarian failure and subsequent infertility. A recent study indicated that deletion of Tsc1 in somatic cells of the reproductive tract caused infertili...

OBJECTIVE Recent progress supports the importance of local estrogen secretion in human bone tissues to increase and maintain bone mineral density. In a previous study, we reported that the expression of aromatase (CYP19) is dexamethasone (Dex)-dependent and oncostatin M (OSM) increases the expression synergistically with Dex. In the present study, we examined the effects of forskolin (FSK) as a...

We investigated the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandins (PG) on the expression of aromatase (CYP19) in human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R cells. EGF significantly increased aromatase activity and CYP19 gene transcript in NCI-H295R cells. Exon PII was selected from among several tissue-specific exon I regions. Promoter II that abuts on exon PII was activat...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Few studies of gene variants that affect estrogen activity investigate their association with risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in women of different ethnicities. We investigated the influence of CYP19 polymorphisms on risk for AD in a multiethnic cohort of women, with individual ethnicity assessed by genetic population ancestry informative markers (AIMs) as well as by self-iden...

Given the critical role of CYP19 in estrogen synthesis, we investigated the influence of CYP19 gene polymorphisms on the clinical outcome of lymph node- (LN-) negative, hormone receptor- (HR-) positive early breast cancers. Genotyping for the CYP19 polymorphisms rs4646 (A/C), rs1065779 (A/C), CYP19 (TTTA)n (short allele/long (S/L) allele using the 7 TTTA repeat polymorphism as the cut-off), and...