Lipofuscin results from digestion of photoreceptor outer segments by the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and is the principal compound that causes RPE fluorescence during autofluorescence imaging. Absorption of the 488-nanometer blue light by macular pigments, especially by the carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin, causes normal macular hypo-autofluorescence. Fundus autofluorescence imaging is be...

We report a case of fingolimod-associated bilateral cystoid macular oedema in a patient with multiple sclerosis (MS). A 34-year-old female, diagnosed with MS at age of 30, developed bilateral blurred vision 5 days after initiation of fingolimod. She was misdiagnosed as optic neuritis initially and fingolimod was only discontinued 3 weeks after onset of her visual symptoms when OCT showed promin...

This retrospective study evaluates the long term efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy on the preservation of vision in complicated chronic uveitis, including endogenous intermediate uveitis and other entities. Combined vitrectomy-lensectomy was performed in 10 eyes with complicated cataracts, and 18 vitrectomies were done without lensectomies. The mean follow up was 45 months. Additional retinal s...

A 54-year-old female patient who had been undergoing anti-cancer chemotherapy and radiotherapy for seven years after surgery for left breast cancer visited our clinic for visual disturbance in the right eye at nine months after paclitaxel administration. The best-corrected visual acuity was 0.5 in the right eye and 1.0 in the left eye. The patient was diagnosed with maculopathy due to paclitaxe...

Fluorescein angiography of the iris was performed on patients with plastic lens implants with cystoid oedema of the macula, and the nature of the vascular changes was compared with controls provided by patients who did not have macular disease. Densitometry was used to quantitate leakage of fluorescein dye into the anterior chamber in residual angiograms 5 minutes after injection. Cystoid oedem...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between insulin resistance and diabetic macular oedema in type 2 diabetes. METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes who agreed to undergo blood sampling were enrolled into this cross-sectional study. Patients who had received treatment for macular oedema within the past 3 months and those with other retinal diseases were excluded. The following data were rec...

We present a case of Retinitis Pigmentosa with atypical aspect of fundus (Punctata Albescens), associated with Cystoid Macular Oedema and Optic Disc Drusen.

Cystoid macular edema is a condition that involves the macula, caused by an accumulation of extracellular fluid in the macular region with secondary formation of multiple cystic spaces. This condition is provoked by a variety of pathological conditions such as intraocular inflammation, central or branch retinal vein occlusion, diabetic retinopathy and most commonly following cataract extraction...

Though glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness all around the world, it is also caused due to various disorders like Cystoid macular edema (CME), and Symptomatic exudates-associated derangements (SEAD). These are caused due to excessive accumulation of fluids within the retinal layers. Hence automations in diagnosis of fluid volume plays a key role I the treatment of such disorders. O...