Benzo(a) pyrene is a carcinigen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon which diffuses into the environment from combustion of organic meterials.based on various epidemiological evidences it is related to lung,skin and liver cancer.mutagenicity,and immunosuppressivety are among important biological effects of Benzo(a) pyrene.after absorbtion and distribution in the body,it undergoes epoxidation by cyto...

Oxidative phosphorylation is a key process of cellular metabolism and takes place within mitochondria. The respiratory chain complexes in the inner membrane connect the transfer of electrons from reducing equivalents to the final electron acceptor oxygen with the establishment of a membrane potential, which is in turn used for ATP synthesis. Respiratory chain complexes thus contain sequentially...

Members of Nemacheilidae Family, Turcinoemacheilus genus were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analysis in this study. This genus was reported in 2009 to inhabit in Karoon River drainage, in contrary to previous assumption that it was the endemic species in the Basin of Tigris River. It was sampled from three stations placed in different tributaries in Karoon drainage and evaluated to unders...

Using 1617 meaningful NOEs with 188 pseudocontact shifts, a family of 35 conformers of oxidized bovine microsomal cytochrome b5 mutant (E44/48/56A/D60A) has been obtained and is characterized by good resolution (rmsd to the mean structure are 0.047 +/- 0.007 nm and 0.095 +/- 0.008 nm for backbone and heavy atoms, respectively). The solution structure of the mutant, when compared with the X-ray ...

An NADPH-dependent O2.- -generating oxidase was solubilized from phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-activated pig neutrophils by using a mixture of detergents. Recovery of oxidase was approx. 40%. The extract contained cytochrome b-245 (331 pmol/mg of protein) and FAD (421 pmol/mg of protein); approx. 30% of each was reduced within 60s when NADPH was added to anaerobic incubations. Three different...

It has been known for some time that antimycin A modifies the enzymic properties of cytochrome b. Chance (1) reported that cytochrome b was reduced at a much faster rate in heart muscle preparation blocked by antimycin A than in a preparation blocked by cyanide; moreover, cytochrome b was reduced to a greater extent in the presence than in the absence of antimycin A. From a study of difference ...

In the absence of antimycin interpretation of the absorbance changes is further complicated by the relaxation kinetics associated with electron flow through the site sensitive to antimycin. Inspection of the time-resolved spectra and the uncompensated traces (not shown) reveals an obvious cytochrome-c change and a less obvious, but discernible, cytochrome-b change. In the compensated spectra [F...