A long-standing paradox in cellular immunology has been the conditional requirement for CD4(+) Th cells in priming of CD8(+) CTL responses. We propose a new dynamic model of CD4(+) Th cells in priming of Th-dependent CD8(+) CTL responses. We demonstrate that OT II CD4(+) T cells activated by OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DC(OVA)) are Th1 phenotype. They acquire the immune synapse-composed MHC II/...

A large proportion of human cancers show deficiencies in the MHC class I antigen-processing machinery. Such defects render tumors resistant to immune eradication by tumoricidal CTLs. We recently identified a unique population of CTL that selectively targets tumor immune-escape variants through recognition of MHC-presented peptides, termed TEIPP (T cell epitopes associated with impaired peptide ...

The STEP HIV vaccine trial, which evaluated a replication-defective adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector vaccine, was recently stopped. The reasons for this included lack of efficacy of the vaccine and a twofold increase in the incidence of HIV acquisition among vaccinated recipients with increased Ad5-neutralizing antibody titers compared with placebo recipients. To model the events that might be oc...

Due to their potent immunostimulatory capacity, dendritic cells (DC) have become the centerpiece of many vaccine regimens. Immature DC (DCimm) capture, process, and present Ags to CD4(+) lymphocytes, which reciprocally activate DCimm through CD40, and the resulting mature DC (DCmat) loose phagocytic capacity, but acquire the ability to efficiently stimulate CD8(+) lymphocytes. Recombinant vacci...

PURPOSE Tumor antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) block oncogenic signaling and induce Fcγ receptor (FcγR)-mediated cytotoxicity. However, the role of CD8(+) CTL and FcγR in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses in mAb-treated human patients with cancer is still emerging. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FcγRIIIa codon 158 polymorphism was correlated with survival in 107 cetuximab-treat...

This study investigated the status of mechanized power and self-propelled rice cultivation machinery in Guilan Province in northern Iran. The raw data was obtained from 2013 statistics of the Agricultural Jihad Organization of Guilan province. Power per unit of area, mechanization level, area per unit of self-propelled machinery, and mechanization requirement were calculated for eastern, wester...

there are conflicting results concerning dc-sign and dc-signr vntr polymorphisms. the present study aimed to evaluate the possible association between dc-sign as well as dc-signr vntr polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis (ptb) in a sample of iranian population. this case-control study was done on 171 ptb and 161 healthy subjects. the variants were detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr)...