Allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF1) is a cytoplasmic scaffold protein shown to influence immune responses in macrophages and microglial cells. The protein contains Ca2+ binding EF-hand and PDZ interaction domains important for mediating intracellular signaling complexes. This study now reports that AIF1 is expressed in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DC) and silencing of expression restrains inducti...

The costimulatory requirements for Th17 development remain to be defined. In this study, we show that CD40-deficient animals immunized with the gram-positive bacterium Propionibacterium acnes were specifically impaired in their ability to mount an IL-17 response, but not that of IFN-gamma. The same cytokine imbalance resulted from in vivo priming with pathogen-pulsed, CD40-deficient dendritic c...

The zero frequency conductivity (Dc), the criterion to distinguish between conductors and insulators is expressed in terms of a geometric phase. Dc is also expressed using the formalism of the modern theory of polarization. The tenet of Kohn [Phys. Rev. 133 A171 (1964)], namely, that insulation is due to localization in the many-body space, is refined as follows. Wavefunctions which are eigenfu...

We have previously shown that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) acquired different characteristics in dense or sparse cell cultures. Sparsity promoted the development of IL-12 producing migratory DCs, whereas dense cultures increased IL-10 production. Here we analysed whether the density-dependent endogenous breaks could modulate DC-based vaccines. Using murine bone marrow-derived DC...

The inductive role of dendritic cells (DC) in Th2 differentiation has not been fully defined. We addressed this gap in knowledge by focusing on signaling events mediated by the heterotrimeric GTP binding proteins Gαs, and Gαi, which respectively stimulate and inhibit the activation of adenylyl cyclases and the synthesis of cAMP. We show here that deletion of Gnas, the gene that encodes Gαs in m...

We proposed a model to study the resistance degradation behavior of ferroelectric oxides in the presence of ferroelectric spontaneous polarization by combining the phase-field model of ferroelectric domains and nonlinear diffusion equations for ionic/electronic transport. We took into account the nonperiodic boundary conditions for solving the electrochemical transport equations and Ginzburg–La...

Transplants tolerated through a process known as infectious tolerance evoke continuous recruitment of regulatory T (Treg) cells that are necessary to maintain the unresponsive state. This state is maintained long-term and requires continuous Ag exposure. It is not known, however, whether infectious tolerance operates through sustained recruitment of pre-existing regulatory cells, induction of r...

In this study, we showed that Mycobacterium abscessus MAB2560 induces the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs), which are representative antigen-presenting cells (APCs). M. abscessus MAB2560 stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-12p70] and reduce the endocytic capacity and maturation of DCs. Using TLR4-/- DCs, we ...

One of the most effective non-invasive methods in treatment dentin hypersensitivity (DH) is dental iontophoresis. Dental iontophoresis a method based on principle occlusion tubules by applying direct current (DC) with special solution to DH area at level microamper harmless human health. In this study, for long-term without damaging tooth, microcontroller-based system (microDIS) designed, which...

Magnetic excitations in multiferroic materials accompany electric polarization, known as electromagnons. The authors develop here a general framework to study polarization and nonlinear optical responses of noncentrosymmetric magnets based on spin models. They theoretically demonstrate the excitation electromagnon-induced dc current generation (i.e., photovoltaic effect) from so-called shift me...