The use of game elements in non-game contexts (gamification) -has previously been widely explored in contexts such as healthcare and marketing but less extensively in education and training. In this paper we explore the use of gamification in education and training. Traditional training methods often fail to engage or motivate students, especially Digital Natives raised from a young age with ap...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 introduction: organizations planned in-service trainings for updating of personnel’s information. icdl (international computer driving license) is one of the most important trainings. the purpose of this research is evaluation the some aspects of icdl in-service trainings from the viewpoints of administrators and personnel...

Spasticity is a common consequence after spinal cord injury (SCI) that affects 53-78 % of individuals with SCI (Maynard, Karunas, & Waring, 1990). Spasticity is defined as increased tonic stretch reflexes and exaggerated tendon jerks (Lance, 1980). Rehabilitation modalities, pharmacologic intervention and surgery are three main therapeutic techniques for spasticity management (Adams & Hicks, 20...