The “multi-energy era”, which is complementary to new energy and fossil energy, has arrived. Demand-side management (DSM) gradually gained worldwide attention because of its advantages high flexibility great response potential. However, the appearance integrated system (IES) broken existing mode independent operation traditional systems, made different forms multi-energy flow more closely coupl...

with the development of restructured power systems and increase of prices in some hours of day and increase fuel price, demand response programs were noticed more by customers. demand response consists of a series of activities that governments or utilities design to change the amount or time of electric energy consumption, to achieve better social welfare or some times for maximizing the benef...