Learning by doing is a central way in which people acquire substantial expertise. It offers a number of advantages over other learning approaches. Most important, it avoids many aspects of the “inert knowledge” problem. Because principles are acquired through experience, the terms used to state those principles have clear referential meaning, at least within the scope of that experience. Learni...

Holistic processing (HP) is an expertise marker in visual perception; nevertheless, it can be modulated by writing experience (Tso, Au, & Hsiao, 2014). We have recently found that HP also indicates expertise in Cantonese speech perception (Liu & Hsiao, 2014). Nevertheless, Cantonese has a logographic writing system where one syllable corresponds to one character, whereas in alphabetic languages...

Traditionally, professional expertise has been judged by length of experience, reputation, and perceived mastery of knowledge and skill. Unfortunately, recent research demonstrates only a weak relationship between these indicators of expertise and actual, observed performance. In fact, observed performance does not necessarily correlate with greater professional experience. Expert performance c...

Emerging technologies and business models require organisations to continuously deal with complex, dynamic and unstructured issues, leading to the need for newer forms of decision support systems (DSS). However, in emerging environments the existing knowledge base can be scattered, unstructured, and sometimes conflicting, which challenges any efforts in designing DSS. This paper highlights the ...

The role of experience in the development of brain mechanisms for face recognition is intensely debated. Experience with subordinate- and individual-level classification of faces is thought, by some, to be foundational in the development of the specialization of face recognition. Studying children with extremely intense interests (EII) provides an opportunity to examine experience-related chang...