While single-cell transcriptomics in the brain has uncovered a vast diversity of neural cell types unprecedented detail, it is becoming increasingly urgent to address what exactly their functional roles are context circuits and behavior. In this review, we discuss molecular profiling underlying social behaviors mice as prominent case study. We first highlight key molecularly identified sensory ...

Professors Christopher Burd, Michael Caplan (Cellular & Molecular Physiology), Lynn Cooley (Genetics), Peter Cresswell (Immunobiology), Pietro De Camilli, Jorge Galán (Microbial Pathogenesis), Fred Gorelick, Carl Hashimoto (Emeritus), James Jamieson, Diane Krause (Laboratory Medicine), Thomas Lentz (Emeritus), Haifan Lin, Vincent Marchesi (Pathology), Mark Mooseker (Molecular, Cellular & Develo...

This essay looks at the historic significance of an APS classic paper (http://www.the-aps.org/publications/classics/) that is freely available online: Falk G. Maturation of renal function in infant rats. Am J Physiol 181: 157-170, 1955 (http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/181/1/157).

Craig C. Mello is an American developmental biologist and Nobel Laureate, who helped discover RNA interference [4] (RNAi). Along with his colleague Andrew Fire [5], he developed gene knockouts using RNAi. In 2006 Mello won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine [6] for his contribution to the discovery of RNAi. Mello also contributed to developmental biology, focusing on gene regulation [7],...

21 Recent advances in functional and in vivo imaging provide powerful tools for the study of developmental physiology. Techniques such as confocal microscopy, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM), microtomography (microCT), and ultrasound microscopy allow developmental physiologists to collect high-resolution images of living embryos and larvae. In vivo imaging techniques can be applied repeated...

The involvement of the Y chromosome in sex determination was determined by the development and the application of techniques for karyotyping the mammalian chromosome in 1960s. There were many reports on the particular region of the Y chromosome, such as histocompatibility (H-Y) antigen, bandit krait minor satellite (Bkm) the zinc finger Y gene (ZFY) and the sex-determining region of the Y chrom...

It is well established that, over the course of development, hormones shape the vertebrate brain such that sex specific physiology and behaviors emerge. Much of this occurs in discrete developmental windows that span gestation through the prenatal period, although it is now becoming clear that at least some of this process continues through puberty. Perturbation of this developmental progressio...

Both cleavage-stage and blastocyst-stage embryo transfer policieshave advantages and drawbacks.Potential advantages of blastocyst culture and transfer in human IVF include: i. synchronization of the embryo with the female tract leading to increasedimplantation rates; thereby, reducing the need for multipleembryo transfers, ii. assessment of viability of an embryobefore transfer. This can be ach...